Water productivity, total (constant 2015 US$ GDP per cubic meter of total freshwater withdrawal) by country
Water productivity is calculated as GDP in constant prices divided by annual total water withdrawal.
Countries reporting
179
Highest
1,929
Singapore
Lowest
0.7556
Afghanistan
Median
23.5
Years covered
61
1962–2022
Data points
8,489
What the numbers show
Water productivity, total (constant 2015 US$ GDP per cubic meter of total freshwater withdrawal) is currently reported for 179 countries. The highest value is 1,929 in Singapore; the lowest is 0.7556 in Afghanistan.
The median across all reporting countries is 23.5, and the mean is 98.84.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 2,553.
Over the past decade 150 countries rose and 29 fell. The largest increase was in Bolivia (up 686.9%), and the largest decrease in Venezuela (down 71.7%).
Water productivity, total (constant 2015 US$ GDP per cubic meter of to: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Singapore | 1,929 | 2022 | up 574.6% | volatile |
| 2 | Monaco | 1,669 | 2022 | up 64.1% | rising |
| 3 | Luxembourg | 1,470 | 2022 | up 18.2% | volatile |
| 4 | Maldives | 1,220 | 2022 | up 66.4% | volatile |
| 5 | Qatar | 683.63 | 2022 | up 18.5% | volatile |
| 6 | Equatorial Guinea | 503.19 | 2022 | down 33.9% | volatile |
| 7 | Switzerland | 480.89 | 2022 | up 44.3% | rising |
| 8 | Malta | 455.56 | 2022 | up 102.0% | rising |
| 9 | United Kingdom | 388.91 | 2022 | up 13.4% | rising |
| 10 | Denmark | 373.44 | 2022 | down 5.5% | rising |
| 11 | Antigua and Barbuda | 366.28 | 2022 | up 15.5% | falling |
| 12 | Ireland | 304.71 | 2022 | up 37.8% | volatile |
| 13 | Israel | 249.83 | 2021 | up 21.3% | volatile |
| 14 | Bahrain | 248.06 | 2022 | up 63.1% | volatile |
| 15 | Sweden | 229.35 | 2022 | up 26.6% | rising |
| 16 | Congo | 221.2 | 2022 | down 13.0% | rising |
| 17 | United Arab Emirates | 186.07 | 2022 | up 50.1% | rising |
| 18 | Slovakia | 182.77 | 2022 | up 48.3% | volatile |
| 19 | Latvia | 179.08 | 2022 | up 82.5% | rising |
| 20 | Lithuania | 177.93 | 2022 | up 155.3% | volatile |
| 21 | Djibouti | 177.13 | 2022 | up 59.7% | rising |
| 22 | Norway | 170.05 | 2022 | up 22.3% | rising |
| 23 | Seychelles | 164.22 | 2022 | up 48.6% | rising |
| 24 | Kuwait | 158.41 | 2022 | down 12.5% | falling |
| 25 | Czechia | 152.34 | 2022 | up 59.0% | rising |
| 26 | Germany | 144.53 | 2022 | up 48.1% | rising |
| 27 | Brunei | 141.31 | 2022 | down 4.4% | rising |
| 28 | Angola | 141.29 | 2022 | up 7.5% | rising |
| 29 | Australia | 137.04 | 2022 | up 72.5% | volatile |
| 30 | Austria | 136.3 | 2022 | up 24.8% | rising |
| 31 | Cyprus | 132.72 | 2022 | up 61.5% | rising |
| 32 | Benin | 128.97 | 2022 | up 70.8% | rising |
| 33 | Belgium | 120.92 | 2022 | up 44.0% | volatile |
| 34 | Gabon | 114.07 | 2022 | up 26.3% | flat |
| 35 | Comoros | 114.03 | 2022 | up 27.4% | rising |
| 36 | Netherlands | 111.3 | 2022 | up 59.5% | rising |
| 37 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 110.22 | 2022 | up 20.9% | rising |
| 38 | Namibia | 109.61 | 2022 | up 116.4% | volatile |
| 39 | Puerto Rico | 109.09 | 2022 | down 1.2% | rising |
| 40 | France | 108.49 | 2022 | up 28.2% | rising |
| 41 | Bolivia | 103.58 | 2022 | up 686.9% | volatile |
| 42 | Croatia | 94.37 | 2022 | up 22.7% | rising |
| 43 | Barbados | 85.97 | 2022 | up 5.8% | rising |
| 44 | Finland | 85.22 | 2022 | up 44.9% | rising |
| 45 | Botswana | 81.91 | 2022 | up 31.5% | rising |
| 46 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 80.6 | 2022 | up 17.6% | rising |
| 47 | Grenada | 77.99 | 2022 | up 20.7% | falling |
| 48 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 76.92 | 2022 | up 75.5% | rising |
| 49 | Iceland | 75.91 | 2022 | up 38.1% | rising |
| 50 | Uganda | 69.3 | 2022 | up 56.1% | rising |
| 51 | Poland | 67.89 | 2022 | up 77.2% | rising |
| 52 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 64.98 | 2022 | up 87.2% | rising |
| 53 | Slovenia | 64.55 | 2022 | up 46.4% | rising |
| 54 | Papua New Guinea | 64.2 | 2022 | up 45.6% | rising |
| 55 | Trinidad and Tobago | 63.83 | 2022 | down 14.7% | rising |
| 56 | South Korea | 63.37 | 2022 | up 31.9% | rising |
| 57 | Italy | 59.2 | 2022 | up 7.8% | rising |
| 58 | Japan | 58.79 | 2022 | up 9.5% | rising |
| 59 | Cote d'Ivoire | 58.25 | 2022 | up 106.1% | rising |
| 60 | Panama | 57.97 | 2022 | up 40.6% | rising |
| 61 | Malaysia | 57.89 | 2022 | up 36.9% | rising |
| 62 | Fiji | 57.3 | 2022 | up 20.1% | falling |
| 63 | Oman | 54.4 | 2022 | up 22.9% | rising |
| 64 | Jordan | 51.07 | 2022 | up 11.3% | rising |
| 65 | Lesotho | 50.5 | 2022 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 66 | Canada | 49.47 | 2022 | up 22.7% | rising |
| 67 | United States | 48.35 | 2022 | up 22.2% | rising |
| 68 | Ghana | 47.31 | 2022 | up 41.9% | rising |
| 69 | Saint Lucia | 46.92 | 2022 | up 10.9% | rising |
| 70 | Spain | 46.44 | 2022 | up 45.8% | rising |
| 71 | Palestine | 44.87 | 2021 | down 1.4% | rising |
| 72 | Sierra Leone | 42.01 | 2022 | up 32.8% | rising |
| 73 | Belarus | 40.51 | 2022 | up 8.1% | rising |
| 74 | Nigeria | 40.33 | 2022 | up 18.8% | rising |
| 75 | Portugal | 37.52 | 2022 | up 68.4% | rising |
| 76 | Cameroon | 37.03 | 2022 | up 46.8% | falling |
| 77 | Saudi Arabia | 36.75 | 2022 | up 28.3% | rising |
| 78 | Togo | 35.12 | 2022 | up 60.4% | rising |
| 79 | Hungary | 33.73 | 2022 | up 50.1% | rising |
| 80 | Mongolia | 31.23 | 2022 | up 62.5% | volatile |
| 81 | China | 29.39 | 2022 | up 93.3% | volatile |
| 82 | Dominica | 28.7 | 2022 | down 2.7% | flat |
| 83 | Romania | 28.22 | 2022 | up 10.8% | volatile |
| 84 | Central African Republic | 28.05 | 2022 | down 20.3% | falling |
| 85 | Brazil | 27.96 | 2022 | up 8.2% | rising |
| 86 | Belize | 24.97 | 2022 | up 27.8% | falling |
| 87 | Guatemala | 23.54 | 2022 | up 41.8% | rising |
| 88 | Estonia | 23.52 | 2022 | up 76.2% | rising |
| 89 | Kenya | 23.51 | 2022 | up 23.5% | rising |
| 90 | Liberia | 23.5 | 2022 | up 16.2% | rising |
| 91 | Russia | 22.9 | 2022 | up 8.0% | rising |
| 92 | New Zealand | 21.98 | 2022 | up 2.7% | falling |
| 93 | Mauritius | 21.38 | 2022 | up 14.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Greece | 21.35 | 2022 | up 7.1% | falling |
| 95 | Rwanda | 20.94 | 2022 | up 27.2% | rising |
| 96 | Costa Rica | 20.54 | 2022 | down 6.4% | flat |
| 97 | Burkina Faso | 20.37 | 2022 | up 61.5% | rising |
| 98 | Algeria | 20.08 | 2022 | down 7.9% | falling |
| 99 | Turkey | 18.81 | 2022 | up 31.8% | rising |
| 100 | Lebanon | 18.73 | 2022 | down 35.9% | rising |
| 101 | Gambia | 18.44 | 2022 | up 43.5% | falling |
| 102 | Chad | 18.1 | 2022 | up 18.6% | rising |
| 103 | Albania | 18.05 | 2022 | up 88.1% | volatile |
| 104 | Paraguay | 17.38 | 2022 | up 36.0% | falling |
| 105 | South Africa | 17.1 | 2022 | down 20.6% | rising |
| 106 | Zambia | 16.65 | 2022 | up 39.4% | rising |
| 107 | Georgia | 16.47 | 2022 | up 108.6% | volatile |
| 108 | Honduras | 16.16 | 2022 | up 36.2% | rising |
| 109 | Argentina | 16 | 2022 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 110 | Cambodia | 15.84 | 2022 | up 78.7% | rising |
| 111 | Guinea | 15.59 | 2022 | up 47.7% | rising |
| 112 | Ukraine | 14.88 | 2022 | up 70.8% | rising |
| 113 | Colombia | 14.62 | 2022 | down 0.2% | falling |
| 114 | Mexico | 14.34 | 2022 | up 3.8% | rising |
| 115 | El Salvador | 14.11 | 2022 | up 31.0% | falling |
| 116 | Uruguay | 13.73 | 2022 | up 5.1% | falling |
| 117 | Dominican Republic | 13.69 | 2022 | up 65.5% | rising |
| 118 | Mozambique | 13.22 | 2022 | up 36.5% | rising |
| 119 | Tanzania | 12.96 | 2022 | up 71.4% | rising |
| 120 | Jamaica | 12.64 | 2022 | up 28.6% | falling |
| 121 | Burundi | 12.54 | 2022 | up 36.1% | falling |
| 122 | Tunisia | 12.5 | 2022 | down 3.4% | rising |
| 123 | Cuba | 12 | 2022 | down 0.7% | rising |
| 124 | Morocco | 11.95 | 2022 | up 27.7% | volatile |
| 125 | Cape Verde | 11.6 | 2022 | down 38.6% | falling |
| 126 | Nicaragua | 11.5 | 2022 | up 52.6% | rising |
| 127 | Bulgaria | 11.4 | 2022 | up 33.2% | rising |
| 128 | Ecuador | 10.98 | 2022 | up 25.3% | rising |
| 129 | Moldova | 10.79 | 2022 | up 34.2% | rising |
| 130 | Yemen | 10.32 | 2018 | down 34.7% | rising |
| 131 | Serbia | 10.29 | 2022 | up 9.7% | flat |
| 132 | Haiti | 9.97 | 2022 | up 6.0% | rising |
| 133 | Guyana | 9.88 | 2022 | up 253.8% | volatile |
| 134 | Ethiopia | 9.64 | 2022 | up 100.0% | rising |
| 135 | Guinea-Bissau | 9.05 | 2022 | up 52.1% | volatile |
| 136 | Kazakhstan | 8.87 | 2022 | up 21.5% | rising |
| 137 | Libya | 8.84 | 2022 | down 35.0% | volatile |
| 138 | Peru | 8.62 | 2022 | up 17.2% | falling |
| 139 | Bangladesh | 8.52 | 2022 | up 87.6% | rising |
| 140 | Malawi | 8.5 | 2022 | up 43.2% | rising |
| 141 | Senegal | 8.26 | 2022 | up 28.6% | rising |
| 142 | Chile | 7.89 | 2022 | up 23.7% | rising |
| 143 | Thailand | 7.86 | 2022 | up 20.1% | rising |
| 144 | Sao Tome and Principe | 7.76 | 2022 | up 17.0% | falling |
| 145 | Bhutan | 7.74 | 2022 | up 37.4% | rising |
| 146 | Suriname | 7.16 | 2022 | down 14.2% | rising |
| 147 | Sri Lanka | 6.91 | 2022 | up 21.3% | rising |
| 148 | Egypt | 5.86 | 2022 | up 41.1% | rising |
| 149 | Mauritania | 5.72 | 2022 | up 42.7% | rising |
| 150 | Niger | 5.54 | 2022 | down 6.4% | falling |
| 151 | North Macedonia | 5.27 | 2022 | down 63.3% | rising |
| 152 | Iran | 5.26 | 2022 | up 21.9% | rising |
| 153 | Indonesia | 5.04 | 2022 | up 32.9% | rising |
| 154 | Armenia | 4.63 | 2022 | up 42.5% | rising |
| 155 | India | 4.62 | 2022 | up 75.5% | volatile |
| 156 | Iraq | 4.58 | 2022 | up 35.7% | volatile |
| 157 | Zimbabwe | 4.48 | 2022 | down 17.5% | falling |
| 158 | Philippines | 4.48 | 2022 | up 48.7% | rising |
| 159 | Vietnam | 4.41 | 2022 | up 81.1% | volatile |
| 160 | Azerbaijan | 4.36 | 2022 | up 8.1% | volatile |
| 161 | Eswatini | 4.22 | 2022 | up 24.5% | rising |
| 162 | Mali | 3.91 | 2022 | up 51.9% | rising |
| 163 | Eritrea | 3.87 | 2011 | down 14.6% | falling |
| 164 | Nepal | 3.48 | 2022 | up 55.0% | rising |
| 165 | Uzbekistan | 3.35 | 2022 | up 115.9% | volatile |
| 166 | Laos | 2.66 | 2022 | up 53.4% | rising |
| 167 | Somalia | 2.48 | 2022 | up 77.8% | rising |
| 168 | Pakistan | 2.23 | 2022 | up 58.3% | volatile |
| 169 | Montenegro | 2.2 | 2022 | down 47.2% | volatile |
| 170 | Turkmenistan | 2.08 | 2022 | up 110.6% | volatile |
| 171 | Myanmar | 1.9 | 2022 | up 32.9% | volatile |
| 172 | East Timor | 1.85 | 2022 | up 50.1% | rising |
| 173 | Sudan | 1.78 | 2022 | up 1.0% | flat |
| 174 | Venezuela | 1.72 | 2022 | down 71.7% | falling |
| 175 | Tajikistan | 1.27 | 2022 | up 99.7% | volatile |
| 176 | Syria | 1.15 | 2022 | down 38.1% | falling |
| 177 | Kyrgyzstan | 1.1 | 2022 | up 51.7% | rising |
| 178 | Madagascar | 0.9916 | 2022 | up 28.5% | rising |
| 179 | Afghanistan | 0.7556 | 2022 | down 11.9% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Euro area 83.7
- European Union 83.14
- Post-demographic dividend 63.2
- High income 58.77
- Pacific island small states 57.3
- OECD members 53.78
- Central Europe and the Baltics 49.92
- Europe & Central Asia 49.4
- North America 48.44
- Africa Western and Central 26.99
- Late-demographic dividend 24.46
- East Asia & Pacific 23.55
About this data
Water productivity is calculated as GDP in constant prices divided by annual total water withdrawal.