Merchandise trade (% of GDP) by country
General merchandise trade includes goods whose economic ownership is changed between a resident and a non-resident and that are not included in the following specific categories: goods under merchanting, non-monetary gold, and parts of travel, construction, and government goods and services n.i.e. It is the total...
Countries reporting
204
Highest
371.0%
Hong Kong
Lowest
8.3%
Cuba
Median
52.5%
Years covered
66
1960–2025
Data points
14,091
What the numbers show
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) is currently reported for 204 countries. The highest value is 371.0% in Hong Kong; the lowest is 8.3% in Cuba.
The median across all reporting countries is 52.5%, and the mean is 64.1%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 45.
Over the past decade 99 countries rose and 105 fell. The largest increase was in Djibouti (up 544.4%), and the largest decrease in Cuba (down 69.8%).
Merchandise trade: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hong Kong | 371.0% | 2025 | up 7.4% | rising |
| 2 | Djibouti | 267.1% | 2025 | up 544.4% | volatile |
| 3 | Slovenia | 237.4% | 2025 | up 64.2% | rising |
| 4 | United Arab Emirates | 208.2% | 2024 | up 42.9% | rising |
| 5 | Vietnam | 180.0% | 2025 | up 31.5% | rising |
| 6 | Singapore | 177.6% | 2025 | down 15.7% | falling |
| 7 | Slovakia | 160.5% | 2025 | down 3.3% | rising |
| 8 | Belgium | 152.4% | 2025 | down 9.0% | rising |
| 9 | Malaysia | 151.7% | 2025 | up 21.6% | rising |
| 10 | Kiribati | 147.8% | 2025 | up 122.9% | falling |
| 11 | Netherlands | 139.5% | 2025 | down 0.0% | rising |
| 12 | Czechia | 137.3% | 2025 | down 13.2% | rising |
| 13 | Hungary | 133.1% | 2025 | down 12.5% | rising |
| 14 | Cambodia | 127.1% | 2025 | up 40.9% | volatile |
| 15 | Laos | 124.1% | 2025 | up 92.0% | rising |
| 16 | Thailand | 118.6% | 2025 | up 14.2% | rising |
| 17 | American Samoa | 117.7% | 2022 | down 7.9% | falling |
| 18 | North Macedonia | 115.8% | 2025 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 19 | Brunei | 110.0% | 2025 | up 48.4% | rising |
| 20 | Suriname | 108.1% | 2025 | up 50.6% | flat |
| 21 | Mongolia | 106.7% | 2025 | up 46.5% | rising |
| 22 | Guyana | 106.7% | 2025 | up 72.8% | falling |
| 23 | Lesotho | 102.9% | 2025 | down 17.0% | rising |
| 24 | Libya | 102.7% | 2025 | up 40.1% | rising |
| 25 | Namibia | 102.4% | 2025 | down 1.3% | rising |
| 26 | Switzerland | 101.7% | 2025 | up 32.4% | rising |
| 27 | Latvia | 99.6% | 2025 | down 2.9% | rising |
| 28 | Estonia | 98.4% | 2025 | down 16.2% | flat |
| 29 | Belarus | 96.1% | 2025 | down 4.3% | rising |
| 30 | Nicaragua | 95.9% | 2025 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 31 | Lithuania | 95.2% | 2025 | down 26.2% | rising |
| 32 | Congo | 94.4% | 2025 | down 38.8% | rising |
| 33 | Zambia | 91.7% | 2025 | up 34.0% | falling |
| 34 | Oman | 91.0% | 2025 | up 17.6% | rising |
| 35 | Bahrain | 87.6% | 2025 | down 1.6% | falling |
| 36 | Mauritania | 87.3% | 2025 | down 2.5% | rising |
| 37 | Liberia | 87.0% | 2025 | up 42.5% | volatile |
| 38 | Tunisia | 86.8% | 2025 | up 15.8% | rising |
| 39 | Seychelles | 86.7% | 2025 | down 11.7% | rising |
| 40 | Eswatini | 86.4% | 2025 | up 4.8% | falling |
| 41 | Lebanon | 85.9% | 2025 | up 86.9% | falling |
| 42 | Serbia | 84.6% | 2025 | up 11.8% | rising |
| 43 | Solomon Islands | 83.8% | 2025 | up 26.6% | falling |
| 44 | Bulgaria | 83.5% | 2025 | down 22.3% | falling |
| 45 | Micronesia (country) | 83.5% | 2025 | up 30.3% | rising |
| 46 | Bhutan | 83.3% | 2025 | up 13.2% | rising |
| 47 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 83.3% | 2025 | down 3.0% | rising |
| 48 | Guinea | 82.7% | 2025 | up 83.1% | volatile |
| 49 | Faroe Islands | 80.8% | 2024 | up 8.9% | flat |
| 50 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 80.7% | 2025 | up 16.0% | falling |
| 51 | Poland | 80.6% | 2025 | down 2.2% | rising |
| 52 | Syria | 79.2% | 2025 | up 51.0% | rising |
| 53 | Austria | 77.7% | 2025 | down 4.5% | rising |
| 54 | Mozambique | 77.5% | 2025 | up 6.9% | rising |
| 55 | Honduras | 77.4% | 2025 | down 16.3% | rising |
| 56 | Morocco | 75.2% | 2025 | up 37.4% | rising |
| 57 | Croatia | 75.2% | 2025 | up 14.5% | rising |
| 58 | Mexico | 73.5% | 2025 | up 13.6% | volatile |
| 59 | Armenia | 73.3% | 2025 | up 63.7% | rising |
| 60 | Gabon | 72.8% | 2025 | down 37.6% | rising |
| 61 | Kuwait | 72.3% | 2025 | down 2.6% | falling |
| 62 | Moldova | 72.3% | 2025 | down 5.4% | falling |
| 63 | South Korea | 71.6% | 2025 | up 14.5% | rising |
| 64 | Curacao | 71.5% | 2024 | down 13.2% | falling |
| 65 | Jordan | 71.2% | 2025 | up 6.6% | rising |
| 66 | Fiji | 70.6% | 2025 | up 11.1% | falling |
| 67 | Iraq | 70.0% | 2025 | up 18.2% | rising |
| 68 | Cape Verde | 70.0% | 2025 | up 82.5% | rising |
| 69 | Kyrgyzstan | 69.9% | 2025 | down 15.2% | rising |
| 70 | Georgia | 67.7% | 2025 | up 8.4% | rising |
| 71 | Burkina Faso | 67.5% | 2025 | up 52.0% | rising |
| 72 | El Salvador | 66.1% | 2025 | down 1.9% | rising |
| 73 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 66.1% | 2025 | up 58.6% | volatile |
| 74 | Germany | 65.5% | 2025 | down 5.7% | rising |
| 75 | Azerbaijan | 65.1% | 2025 | up 33.8% | volatile |
| 76 | Greenland | 63.2% | 2023 | up 13.3% | falling |
| 77 | Ireland | 62.7% | 2025 | down 5.4% | rising |
| 78 | Portugal | 62.1% | 2025 | up 1.3% | rising |
| 79 | Papua New Guinea | 62.0% | 2025 | up 22.5% | rising |
| 80 | Montenegro | 61.8% | 2025 | up 3.6% | falling |
| 81 | Denmark | 61.5% | 2025 | up 2.5% | rising |
| 82 | Paraguay | 61.3% | 2025 | up 19.1% | rising |
| 83 | Sweden | 61.2% | 2025 | up 10.2% | rising |
| 84 | Tajikistan | 61.1% | 2025 | up 16.9% | falling |
| 85 | Senegal | 60.0% | 2025 | up 29.9% | rising |
| 86 | Romania | 59.5% | 2025 | down 18.8% | rising |
| 87 | Marshall Islands | 59.4% | 2025 | down 31.8% | flat |
| 88 | Qatar | 58.6% | 2025 | down 14.3% | falling |
| 89 | Ukraine | 57.9% | 2025 | down 30.4% | rising |
| 90 | Botswana | 57.8% | 2025 | down 42.3% | falling |
| 91 | Mauritius | 57.4% | 2025 | down 6.3% | falling |
| 92 | South Africa | 57.2% | 2025 | up 6.9% | rising |
| 93 | East Timor | 56.9% | 2025 | up 51.8% | rising |
| 94 | Belize | 56.4% | 2025 | down 19.2% | falling |
| 95 | Chile | 55.9% | 2025 | up 8.9% | rising |
| 96 | Nauru | 55.7% | 2025 | down 53.7% | falling |
| 97 | Italy | 54.7% | 2025 | up 16.3% | rising |
| 98 | Andorra | 54.7% | 2025 | up 10.2% | rising |
| 99 | Gambia | 54.3% | 2025 | up 39.8% | falling |
| 100 | Ecuador | 53.6% | 2025 | up 30.7% | rising |
| 101 | Finland | 53.3% | 2025 | up 3.3% | rising |
| 102 | Greece | 52.5% | 2025 | up 35.6% | rising |
| 103 | Maldives | 52.5% | 2025 | up 1.5% | flat |
| 104 | Costa Rica | 52.4% | 2025 | up 15.1% | rising |
| 105 | Norway | 52.4% | 2025 | up 16.3% | flat |
| 106 | Cyprus | 52.1% | 2025 | up 0.5% | falling |
| 107 | Northern Mariana Islands | 50.5% | 2022 | up 13.2% | falling |
| 108 | Spain | 50.3% | 2025 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 109 | Uganda | 49.9% | 2025 | up 107.1% | falling |
| 110 | Iran | 49.3% | 2025 | up 75.1% | rising |
| 111 | Canada | 48.8% | 2025 | down 9.6% | rising |
| 112 | Trinidad and Tobago | 48.6% | 2025 | down 34.7% | falling |
| 113 | Grenada | 48.4% | 2025 | up 19.3% | falling |
| 114 | Albania | 47.9% | 2025 | down 11.7% | rising |
| 115 | Cote d'Ivoire | 47.9% | 2025 | down 1.0% | falling |
| 116 | Palau | 47.8% | 2025 | down 13.2% | flat |
| 117 | Tuvalu | 47.1% | 2025 | down 53.2% | falling |
| 118 | Iceland | 46.9% | 2025 | down 17.2% | flat |
| 119 | Malta | 46.9% | 2025 | down 38.4% | falling |
| 120 | Kazakhstan | 46.8% | 2025 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 121 | Philippines | 46.2% | 2025 | up 5.9% | rising |
| 122 | Luxembourg | 46.0% | 2025 | down 31.6% | falling |
| 123 | Rwanda | 45.9% | 2025 | up 28.7% | rising |
| 124 | Sierra Leone | 45.9% | 2025 | up 52.6% | falling |
| 125 | Burundi | 45.2% | 2025 | up 29.8% | rising |
| 126 | Uzbekistan | 44.5% | 2025 | up 107.6% | falling |
| 127 | Saudi Arabia | 44.2% | 2025 | down 18.9% | falling |
| 128 | Vanuatu | 43.8% | 2025 | down 7.7% | falling |
| 129 | Togo | 43.7% | 2025 | down 24.8% | rising |
| 130 | France | 43.7% | 2025 | down 1.0% | rising |
| 131 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 43.5% | 2025 | down 10.0% | falling |
| 132 | Peru | 42.8% | 2025 | up 13.7% | rising |
| 133 | Ghana | 42.5% | 2025 | down 11.6% | rising |
| 134 | Panama | 41.6% | 2025 | down 31.4% | volatile |
| 135 | Antigua and Barbuda | 41.5% | 2025 | up 15.8% | falling |
| 136 | Jamaica | 41.3% | 2025 | down 1.3% | falling |
| 137 | Saint Lucia | 41.2% | 2025 | down 0.7% | falling |
| 138 | New Caledonia | 41.1% | 2024 | down 11.1% | falling |
| 139 | Turkmenistan | 40.8% | 2025 | down 14.1% | falling |
| 140 | Egypt | 40.8% | 2025 | up 58.2% | flat |
| 141 | Guatemala | 40.7% | 2025 | down 10.7% | rising |
| 142 | Somalia | 40.2% | 2025 | down 12.7% | rising |
| 143 | Turkey | 40.0% | 2025 | down 5.1% | volatile |
| 144 | Aruba | 39.7% | 2024 | down 31.2% | volatile |
| 145 | Tonga | 39.5% | 2025 | down 23.9% | falling |
| 146 | Madagascar | 39.4% | 2025 | down 7.8% | rising |
| 147 | Mali | 39.3% | 2025 | down 5.9% | rising |
| 148 | Dominica | 39.1% | 2025 | down 6.6% | falling |
| 149 | Angola | 38.8% | 2025 | down 26.1% | flat |
| 150 | French Polynesia | 38.7% | 2024 | up 23.2% | falling |
| 151 | Zimbabwe | 38.7% | 2025 | down 16.9% | rising |
| 152 | Samoa | 38.1% | 2025 | down 26.9% | falling |
| 153 | United Kingdom | 37.6% | 2025 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 154 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 37.5% | 2025 | up 2.0% | falling |
| 155 | South Sudan | 37.2% | 2025 | up 3.1% | falling |
| 156 | Nepal | 36.7% | 2025 | up 21.4% | rising |
| 157 | Benin | 36.4% | 2025 | down 2.3% | rising |
| 158 | Indonesia | 36.3% | 2025 | up 6.6% | rising |
| 159 | Myanmar | 36.3% | 2025 | down 23.6% | falling |
| 160 | Australia | 36.0% | 2025 | up 23.4% | rising |
| 161 | New Zealand | 35.7% | 2025 | down 10.3% | rising |
| 162 | Dominican Republic | 35.6% | 2025 | down 4.2% | rising |
| 163 | Bahamas | 35.6% | 2024 | down 11.5% | volatile |
| 164 | Japan | 33.7% | 2025 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 165 | Equatorial Guinea | 33.5% | 2025 | down 52.1% | falling |
| 166 | Nigeria | 33.3% | 2025 | up 73.1% | falling |
| 167 | Algeria | 33.3% | 2025 | down 27.8% | falling |
| 168 | Macao | 33.2% | 2025 | up 24.9% | volatile |
| 169 | Barbados | 33.1% | 2025 | down 10.1% | falling |
| 170 | China | 32.6% | 2025 | down 7.0% | volatile |
| 171 | Sri Lanka | 32.2% | 2025 | down 7.0% | falling |
| 172 | Guinea-Bissau | 31.7% | 2025 | down 27.3% | volatile |
| 173 | Malawi | 30.9% | 2025 | down 14.8% | flat |
| 174 | Bolivia | 30.5% | 2025 | down 45.6% | rising |
| 175 | India | 30.3% | 2025 | down 3.7% | volatile |
| 176 | Eritrea | 29.4% | 2025 | down 34.6% | falling |
| 177 | Chad | 28.9% | 2025 | down 31.4% | rising |
| 178 | Uruguay | 28.3% | 2025 | down 4.9% | rising |
| 179 | Russia | 28.2% | 2025 | down 28.1% | falling |
| 180 | Brazil | 28.2% | 2025 | up 38.2% | rising |
| 181 | Tanzania | 27.5% | 2025 | down 16.6% | rising |
| 182 | Central African Republic | 27.0% | 2025 | up 6.0% | falling |
| 183 | Cayman Islands | 26.4% | 2024 | up 12.6% | rising |
| 184 | Colombia | 26.4% | 2025 | down 13.8% | rising |
| 185 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 26.2% | 2024 | down 39.1% | falling |
| 186 | Bangladesh | 25.8% | 2025 | down 32.5% | rising |
| 187 | Israel | 25.3% | 2025 | down 39.3% | rising |
| 188 | Yemen | 24.7% | 2025 | up 47.8% | volatile |
| 189 | Cameroon | 24.6% | 2025 | down 21.6% | falling |
| 190 | Ethiopia | 24.2% | 2025 | down 23.3% | rising |
| 191 | Argentina | 23.8% | 2025 | up 21.2% | rising |
| 192 | Pakistan | 23.7% | 2025 | up 7.1% | flat |
| 193 | Comoros | 23.1% | 2025 | down 3.5% | rising |
| 194 | Sao Tome and Principe | 22.5% | 2025 | down 61.7% | rising |
| 195 | Venezuela | 22.5% | 2025 | down 60.1% | falling |
| 196 | Afghanistan | 22.2% | 2025 | down 48.7% | falling |
| 197 | Kenya | 22.2% | 2025 | down 29.2% | falling |
| 198 | Niger | 21.3% | 2025 | down 42.5% | rising |
| 199 | United States | 18.5% | 2025 | down 11.4% | rising |
| 200 | Guam | 18.4% | 2022 | up 41.4% | flat |
| 201 | Haiti | 16.2% | 2025 | down 47.4% | flat |
| 202 | Sudan | 15.0% | 2025 | down 39.0% | rising |
| 203 | Bermuda | 14.6% | 2024 | down 5.1% | falling |
| 204 | Cuba | 8.3% | 2020 | down 69.8% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Central Europe and the Baltics 100.1%
- European Union 70.9%
- Other small states 70.8%
- Small states 70.4%
- Caribbean small states 70.0%
- Euro area 69.0%
- Pacific island small states 66.2%
- Europe & Central Asia 62.2%
- Arab World 53.7%
- East Asia & Pacific 50.6%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 49.0%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 49.0%
About this data
General merchandise trade includes goods whose economic ownership is changed between a resident and a non-resident and that are not included in the following specific categories: goods under merchanting, non-monetary gold, and parts of travel, construction, and government goods and services n.i.e. It is the total of merchandise exports plus merchandise imports. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.