Literate and illiterate world population in India

India: Literate and illiterate world population was 21.8% in 2024. ◆ Volatile

Latest (2024)
21.8%
Change on year
up 19.3%
World rank
37th
of 128 countries
All-time high
93.8%
in 1901
All-time low
18.3%
in 2023
Years of data
19
1901–2024

Literate and illiterate world population in India, 1901–2024

204060801001901196220241901: 93.8 %1911: 93 %1921: 91.7 %1931: 90.9 %1950: 82.5 %1981: 59.2 %1991: 51.8 %2001: 39 %2006: 37.2 %2010: 31.7 %2011: 30.7 %2012: 30.2 %2018: 26.3 %2019: 25.1 %2020: 24.5 %2021: 23.9 %2022: 23.7 %2023: 18.3 %2024: 21.8 %

Source: UNESCO (1957) and other sources – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in %.

Analysis

In 2024, literate and illiterate world population in India stood at 21.8%.

That represents a change of up 19.3% on the previous year and down 27.6% over ten years.

Over the whole period, literate and illiterate world population in India peaked at 93.8% in 1901 and was at its lowest, 18.3%, in 2023.

India ranks 37th of 128 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.

The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1900s 93.8% 93.8% 93.8% 1
1910s 93.0% 93.0% 93.0% 1
1920s 91.7% 91.7% 91.7% 1
1930s 90.9% 90.9% 90.9% 1
1950s 82.5% 82.5% 82.5% 1
1980s 59.2% 59.2% 59.2% 1
1990s 51.8% 51.8% 51.8% 1
2000s 38.1% 37.2% 39.0% 2
2010s 28.8% 25.1% 31.7% 5
2020s 22.4% 18.3% 24.5% 5

Countries ranked near India

  1. 34 Laos 24.4% compare
  2. 35 Ghana 23.5% compare
  3. 36 Uganda 23.0% compare
  4. 38 Tanzania 21.8% compare
  5. 39 Rwanda 21.2% compare
  6. 40 Bangladesh 21.0% compare

See the full ranking of 128 places →

More population data for India

All data for India →

Frequently asked questions

What is literate and illiterate world population in India?
Literate and illiterate world population in India was 21.8% in 2024, according to UNESCO (1957) and other sources – with major processing by Our World in Data.
What is the highest literate and illiterate world population recorded in India?
The highest recorded value was 93.8% in 1901.
What is the lowest literate and illiterate world population recorded in India?
The lowest recorded value was 18.3% in 2023.
How does India rank for literate and illiterate world population?
India ranks 37th out of 128 countries with data for 2024.
Is literate and illiterate world population rising or falling in India?
Over the last ten years it is down 27.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
Where does this India data come from?
The figures come from UNESCO (1957) and other sources – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Literate and illiterate world population. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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About this data

Indicator
Literate and illiterate world population
Unit
%
Source
UNESCO (1957) and other sources – with major processing by Our World in Data
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)
Coverage
128 places, 1,272 data points, 1475–2024
Last refreshed

Share of adults who cannot read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life.