Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (billion cubic meters) by country
Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from...
Countries reporting
181
Highest
647.5 billion cubic meters
India
Lowest
0.0044 billion cubic meters
Antigua and Barbuda
Median
1.81 billion cubic meters
Years covered
61
1962–2022
Data points
6,749
What the numbers show
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (billion cubic meters) is currently reported for 181 countries. The highest value is 647.5 billion cubic meters in India; the lowest is 0.0044 billion cubic meters in Antigua and Barbuda.
The median across all reporting countries is 1.81 billion cubic meters, and the mean is 21.3 billion cubic meters.
Over the past decade 54 countries rose and 52 fell. The largest increase was in North Macedonia (up 243.2%), and the largest decrease in Bolivia (down 83.0%).
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | India | 647.5 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 2 | China | 568.48 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 5.1% | rising |
| 3 | United States | 444.29 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 3.6% | falling |
| 4 | Indonesia | 222.63 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 14.0% | rising |
| 5 | Pakistan | 179.3 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 4.6% | rising |
| 6 | Iran | 92.95 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 7 | Philippines | 91.04 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 8.1% | rising |
| 8 | Mexico | 89.8 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 8.6% | rising |
| 9 | Vietnam | 81.86 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 10 | Japan | 79.7 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 1.1% | falling |
| 11 | Egypt | 77.5 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 7.2% | rising |
| 12 | Brazil | 67.94 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 2.7% | rising |
| 13 | Russia | 64.82 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 1.3% | falling |
| 14 | Turkey | 64.47 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 27.6% | rising |
| 15 | Thailand | 57.31 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 16 | Uzbekistan | 42.9 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 14.5% | falling |
| 17 | Iraq | 42.42 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 2.9% | rising |
| 18 | Argentina | 37.69 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 19 | Canada | 36.13 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 0.9% | falling |
| 20 | Bangladesh | 35.87 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 21 | Chile | 35.37 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 22 | Italy | 33.78 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 0.4% | falling |
| 23 | Myanmar | 33.23 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 24 | South Korea | 29.2 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 25 | Spain | 29.02 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 20.2% | falling |
| 26 | Sudan | 26.93 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 27 | Turkmenistan | 26.25 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 6.3% | rising |
| 28 | Peru | 25.92 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 12.4% | rising |
| 29 | Germany | 25.79 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 23.3% | falling |
| 30 | Kazakhstan | 24.97 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 10.5% | falling |
| 31 | France | 24.43 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 13.0% | falling |
| 32 | Colombia | 24.26 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 37.0% | rising |
| 33 | Saudi Arabia | 23.38 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 8.2% | rising |
| 34 | Venezuela | 22.62 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | volatile |
| 35 | South Africa | 21.11 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 38.1% | rising |
| 36 | Afghanistan | 20.28 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 37 | Syria | 13.96 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 38 | Madagascar | 13.46 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 39 | Azerbaijan | 13.03 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 8.8% | falling |
| 40 | Sri Lanka | 12.95 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 41 | Nigeria | 12.47 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 42 | Australia | 11.62 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 26.8% | falling |
| 43 | Tajikistan | 10.6 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 0.7% | falling |
| 44 | Morocco | 10.57 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 45 | Ethiopia | 10.55 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 10.2% | rising |
| 46 | Algeria | 10.29 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 31.9% | rising |
| 47 | Greece | 10.05 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 1.1% | rising |
| 48 | Ecuador | 9.92 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 49 | New Zealand | 9.88 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 31.0% | volatile |
| 50 | Nepal | 9.5 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 51 | Poland | 9.38 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 18.2% | falling |
| 52 | North Korea | 8.66 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 53 | United Kingdom | 8.42 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 5.0% | falling |
| 54 | Netherlands | 8.23 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 23.2% | rising |
| 55 | Romania | 8.15 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 25.7% | falling |
| 56 | Kyrgyzstan | 7.71 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 57 | Laos | 7.35 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 10.3% | rising |
| 58 | Dominican Republic | 7.14 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 59 | Cuba | 6.96 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 4.7% | rising |
| 60 | Malaysia | 6.71 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 9.8% | falling |
| 61 | Portugal | 6.13 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 30.4% | falling |
| 62 | Libya | 5.72 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 63 | Bulgaria | 5.44 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 4.7% | falling |
| 64 | Mali | 5.19 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 65 | Tanzania | 5.18 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 66 | Serbia | 5.09 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 15.6% | rising |
| 67 | Zimbabwe | 4.91 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 41.9% | rising |
| 68 | Ukraine | 4.86 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 62.2% | falling |
| 69 | Hungary | 4.69 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 7.1% | rising |
| 70 | Uruguay | 4.51 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 10.6% | rising |
| 71 | Belgium | 4.3 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 18.9% | falling |
| 72 | Kenya | 4.03 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 25.3% | rising |
| 73 | Tunisia | 3.86 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 16.4% | rising |
| 74 | Yemen | 3.56 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 75 | Costa Rica | 3.45 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 47.4% | rising |
| 76 | Guatemala | 3.32 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 77 | Somalia | 3.3 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 78 | Austria | 3.14 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 8.0% | falling |
| 79 | Armenia | 3.07 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 4.5% | rising |
| 80 | Senegal | 3.06 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 28.0% | rising |
| 81 | Finland | 3 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 25.1% | rising |
| 82 | Norway | 2.69 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 1.6% | rising |
| 83 | Niger | 2.58 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 85.3% | volatile |
| 84 | Sweden | 2.48 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 3.1% | falling |
| 85 | Paraguay | 2.41 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | volatile |
| 86 | United Arab Emirates | 2.26 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 13.6% | rising |
| 87 | Montenegro | 2.21 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 148.2% | volatile |
| 88 | Cambodia | 2.18 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 89 | North Macedonia | 2.17 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 243.2% | rising |
| 90 | El Salvador | 1.94 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 5.2% | rising |
| 91 | Lebanon | 1.81 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 13.4% | rising |
| 92 | Switzerland | 1.7 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 14.8% | falling |
| 93 | Ireland | 1.67 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 70.7% | rising |
| 94 | Oman | 1.63 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 95 | Honduras | 1.61 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 96 | Zambia | 1.57 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 97 | Israel | 1.53 billion cubic meters | 2021 | up 17.6% | falling |
| 98 | Mozambique | 1.47 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 8.5% | rising |
| 99 | Haiti | 1.45 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 100 | Ghana | 1.45 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 10.1% | rising |
| 101 | Czechia | 1.45 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 21.5% | falling |
| 102 | Guyana | 1.44 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 103 | Belarus | 1.41 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 7.3% | falling |
| 104 | Malawi | 1.36 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 105 | Mauritania | 1.35 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 106 | Jamaica | 1.34 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 10.1% | rising |
| 107 | Georgia | 1.29 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 24.2% | falling |
| 108 | Nicaragua | 1.27 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 13.3% | falling |
| 109 | Panama | 1.21 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 4.8% | rising |
| 110 | Estonia | 1.21 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 26.1% | falling |
| 111 | East Timor | 1.17 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 112 | Cote d'Ivoire | 1.16 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 6.9% | rising |
| 113 | Cameroon | 1.09 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 114 | Eswatini | 1.07 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 115 | Jordan | 0.9499 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 11.9% | rising |
| 116 | Denmark | 0.9344 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 28.3% | falling |
| 117 | Guinea | 0.89 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 19.6% | rising |
| 118 | Chad | 0.8796 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 119 | Puerto Rico | 0.875 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 8.9% | rising |
| 120 | Moldova | 0.846 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 0.5% | falling |
| 121 | Slovenia | 0.827 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 10.9% | flat |
| 122 | Burkina Faso | 0.818 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 123 | Albania | 0.797 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 29.1% | falling |
| 124 | Kuwait | 0.7701 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 24.5% | rising |
| 125 | Angola | 0.7057 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 126 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0.6836 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 127 | Croatia | 0.679 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 128 | South Sudan | 0.658 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 129 | Uganda | 0.637 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 130 | Mauritius | 0.632 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 8.6% | rising |
| 131 | Suriname | 0.6159 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 132 | Rwanda | 0.61 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 43.2% | rising |
| 133 | Eritrea | 0.582 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 134 | Slovakia | 0.5636 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 15.3% | falling |
| 135 | Mongolia | 0.4624 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 5.7% | flat |
| 136 | Papua New Guinea | 0.3921 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 137 | Bolivia | 0.3601 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 83.0% | flat |
| 138 | Bhutan | 0.3379 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 139 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.3362 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 140 | Palestine | 0.3348 billion cubic meters | 2021 | up 25.4% | falling |
| 141 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.312 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 28.7% | falling |
| 142 | Lithuania | 0.3004 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 44.0% | volatile |
| 143 | Iceland | 0.29 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 1.4% | rising |
| 144 | Burundi | 0.2801 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 145 | Qatar | 0.25 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 1.6% | rising |
| 146 | Cyprus | 0.223 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 12.7% | rising |
| 146 | Togo | 0.223 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 148 | Botswana | 0.2133 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 9.7% | rising |
| 149 | Sierra Leone | 0.2122 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 150 | Singapore | 0.1995 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 79.2% | volatile |
| 151 | Cape Verde | 0.1791 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 97.8% | volatile |
| 152 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.175 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 153 | Latvia | 0.1723 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 30.6% | falling |
| 154 | Bahrain | 0.1551 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 18.3% | falling |
| 155 | Liberia | 0.1459 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 156 | Gabon | 0.1391 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 157 | Benin | 0.13 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 158 | Namibia | 0.103 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 46.2% | falling |
| 159 | Gambia | 0.1016 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 160 | Belize | 0.101 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 161 | Brunei | 0.092 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 162 | Fiji | 0.0849 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 163 | Central African Republic | 0.0725 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 164 | Barbados | 0.07 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 165 | Luxembourg | 0.0477 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 7.0% | rising |
| 166 | Congo | 0.046 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 167 | Lesotho | 0.0438 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 168 | Saint Lucia | 0.0429 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 169 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.0409 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 16.8% | rising |
| 170 | Malta | 0.0367 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 8.6% | rising |
| 171 | Dominica | 0.02 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 172 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.0198 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 173 | Djibouti | 0.019 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 174 | Grenada | 0.0141 billion cubic meters | 2022 | up 6.9% | rising |
| 175 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.0122 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 176 | Seychelles | 0.0113 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 177 | Comoros | 0.01 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 178 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.0079 billion cubic meters | 2022 | down 2.5% | falling |
| 179 | Monaco | 0.005 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 180 | Maldives | 0.0047 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 181 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.0044 billion cubic meters | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- World 3,853 billion cubic meters
- IDA & IBRD total 3,021 billion cubic meters
- Low & middle income 2,902 billion cubic meters
- Middle income 2,785 billion cubic meters
- IBRD only 2,524 billion cubic meters
- Early-demographic dividend 1,850 billion cubic meters
- Upper middle income 1,646 billion cubic meters
- East Asia & Pacific 1,212 billion cubic meters
- Lower middle income 1,139 billion cubic meters
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 1,082 billion cubic meters
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 1,073 billion cubic meters
- Late-demographic dividend 1,046 billion cubic meters
About this data
Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes.