Work & Labour in European Union 28 59 indicators covering work & labour for European Union 28. IndicatorLatest Year10-yr change Rank Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 254,923 2027 up 1.8% 33rd Labour force participation rate (ILO modelled estimates) 57.21 2027 down 0.8% 59th Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 190,645 2027 up 3.8% 29th Unemployment rate (ILO modelled estimates) 5.68 2027 down 25.7% 34th Labour dependency ratio 1.16 2027 down 5.2% 54th Output per worker, GDP constant 2021 international $ at PPP 121,951 2027 up 10.4% 13th Output per worker, GDP constant 2015 US $ 82,196 2027 up 9.4% 13th Employment-to-population ratio (ILO modelled estimates) 53.96 2027 up 1.3% 61st Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) 0.8736 % change on previous year 2027 up 654.1% 79th Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual growth rate -0.3826 % change on previous year 2027 down 168.6% 78th Employment 242,261 2025 up 8.0% 34th Employment (ILO modelled estimates) 242,261 2025 up 8.0% 34th Employment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual growth rate -0.4712 % change on previous year 2025 down 136.6% 81st Employment (ILO modelled estimates), annual growth rate -0.4712 % change on previous year 2025 down 136.6% 81st SDG indicator 8.2.1: Annual growth rate of output per worker, GDP 1.91 2027 up 41.4% 44th SDG indicator 8.2.1: Annual growth rate of output per worker, GDP 1.84 2027 up 52.8% 41st Labour force participation rate (previous ILO definition - ICLS13) 57.21 2027 down 0.8% 59th SDG indicator 10.4.1: Labour income share as a percent of GDP 57.6 2026 down 0.5% 8th Labour income share as a percent of GDP 57.6 2026 down 0.5% 8th LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment 9.22 2027 down 24.1% 55th Total weekly hours worked of employed persons 7.70 million 2027 up 1.7% 40th Ratio of total weekly hours worked to population aged 15-64 23.55 2027 up 3.8% 66th Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person 32.01 2027 down 2.2% 82nd NEET: Youth not in employment, education or training 6,133 2027 down 5.6% 49th NEET rate: Share of youth not in employment, education or training 10.64 2027 down 8.0% 80th Time-related underemployment rate (ILO modelled estimates) 3.75 2027 down 23.1% 60th Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) 9,021 2027 down 20.0% 40th Full-time equivalent employment (ILO modelled estimates) 192,416 2027 up 1.7% 40th LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment 9.22 2027 down 24.1% 55th NEET: Youth not in employment, education or training (ILO modelled) 1.32 % change on previous year 2027 up 123.6% 53rd Total weekly hours worked of employed persons (ILO modelled) -0.3487 % change on previous year 2027 down 132.3% 81st Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual -0.149 % change on previous year 2027 up 96.7% 75th SDG indicator 8.5.2: Unemployment rate (previous ILO definition) 5.68 2027 down 25.7% 34th Labour income distribution (ILO modelled estimates) 1.74 2025 up 12.6% 9th SDG indicator 8.6.1: Proportion of youth aged 15 to 24 years not in 10.64 2027 down 8.0% 80th Labour income distribution (ILO modelled estimates) (Decile 1) 0.3464 % change on previous year 2025 down 87.6% 42nd SDG indicator 9.2.2: Manufacturing employment as a proportion of 14.17 2025 down 8.6% 25th SDG indicator 8.3.1: Proportion of informal employment in total 3.51 2027 down 31.7% 82nd LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization 32,002 2027 down 20.6% 39th Jobs gap rate 11.2 2027 down 17.6% 44th Jobs gap 30,257 2027 down 17.0% 37th Potential labour force and willing non-jobseekers rate 5.8 2027 down 10.8% 49th Potential labour force and willing non-jobseekers 15,781 2027 down 8.9% 37th Employment 242,261 2025 up 8.0% 32nd SDG indicator 8.8.2: Level of national compliance with labour rights 0.57 2024 down 3.4% 77th Jobs gap rate 11.18 2027 down 17.9% 44th Jobs gap 30,257 2027 down 17.0% 37th LU3: Combined rate of unemployment and potential labour force 8.72 2027 down 21.8% 45th Informal employment rate 3.51 2027 down 31.7% 82nd Informal employment 8,441 2027 down 28.9% 70th Potential labour force rate 3.23 2027 down 15.2% 58th Potential labour force and willing non-jobseekers 15,781 2027 down 8.9% 37th Potential labour force and willing non-jobseekers rate 5.83 2027 down 9.9% 49th Potential labour force rate 3.23 2027 down 15.2% 58th Potential labour force 8,505 2027 down 14.2% 41st LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization 12.15 2027 down 21.6% 56th LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization 32,002 2027 down 20.6% 39th Labour force participation rate for persons ages 25 to 54 87.23 2023 up 1.9% 10th Labour force ages 25 to 54 177,767 2023 down 2.5% 32nd