Wage and salaried workers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) by country
Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.
Countries reporting
186
Highest
98.8%
Qatar
Lowest
3.2%
Chad
Median
68.8%
Years covered
35
1991–2025
Data points
8,176
What the numbers show
Wage and salaried workers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) is currently reported for 186 countries. The highest value is 98.8% in Qatar; the lowest is 3.2% in Chad.
The median across all reporting countries is 68.8%, and the mean is 60.5%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 30.
Over the past decade 132 countries rose and 54 fell. The largest increase was in Mali (up 78.2%), and the largest decrease in Uganda (down 16.7%).
Wage and salaried workers, female (% of female employment): full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Qatar | 98.8% | 2025 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 2 | Kuwait | 98.6% | 2025 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 3 | Bahrain | 96.8% | 2025 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 4 | Jordan | 96.7% | 2025 | up 1.4% | flat |
| 5 | Norway | 96.6% | 2025 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 6 | United States | 96.2% | 2025 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 7 | Macao | 95.8% | 2025 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 8 | Hong Kong | 95.3% | 2025 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 9 | United Arab Emirates | 94.8% | 2025 | down 2.8% | flat |
| 10 | Russia | 94.4% | 2025 | up 0.8% | flat |
| 11 | Denmark | 94.3% | 2025 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 12 | Germany | 94.1% | 2025 | up 1.3% | flat |
| 13 | Sweden | 93.7% | 2025 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 14 | Oman | 93.6% | 2025 | down 0.6% | rising |
| 15 | United States Virgin Islands | 93.5% | 2025 | down 0.9% | flat |
| 16 | Belarus | 93.3% | 2025 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 17 | Saudi Arabia | 93.2% | 2025 | down 5.5% | flat |
| 18 | Japan | 92.5% | 2025 | up 2.0% | rising |
| 19 | Estonia | 92.4% | 2025 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 20 | Ireland | 92.2% | 2025 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 21 | Slovakia | 92.1% | 2025 | up 1.3% | flat |
| 22 | Puerto Rico | 92.0% | 2025 | down 1.1% | flat |
| 23 | Finland | 91.8% | 2025 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 24 | Cyprus | 91.7% | 2025 | up 3.7% | rising |
| 25 | Singapore | 91.7% | 2025 | up 0.8% | flat |
| 26 | Israel | 91.7% | 2025 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 27 | Croatia | 91.5% | 2025 | up 4.9% | rising |
| 28 | Lithuania | 91.5% | 2025 | up 0.7% | rising |
| 29 | Iceland | 91.3% | 2025 | up 1.4% | flat |
| 30 | Brunei | 91.2% | 2025 | down 0.8% | flat |
| 31 | Hungary | 91.2% | 2025 | down 0.9% | rising |
| 32 | Bulgaria | 91.1% | 2025 | down 0.1% | rising |
| 33 | Austria | 90.4% | 2025 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 34 | Malta | 90.3% | 2025 | down 1.3% | flat |
| 35 | Luxembourg | 90.2% | 2025 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 36 | Slovenia | 90.1% | 2025 | up 4.6% | rising |
| 37 | United Kingdom | 90.1% | 2025 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 38 | Canada | 89.8% | 2025 | up 1.5% | flat |
| 39 | Mauritius | 89.4% | 2025 | up 11.7% | rising |
| 40 | France | 89.2% | 2025 | down 2.8% | flat |
| 41 | Romania | 89.0% | 2025 | up 8.2% | rising |
| 42 | Belgium | 88.9% | 2025 | down 0.4% | flat |
| 43 | Bahamas | 88.9% | 2025 | down 2.2% | flat |
| 44 | Spain | 88.9% | 2025 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 45 | Portugal | 88.7% | 2025 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 46 | Czechia | 88.6% | 2025 | up 1.6% | falling |
| 47 | Latvia | 88.5% | 2025 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 48 | Montenegro | 88.4% | 2025 | up 3.9% | flat |
| 49 | North Macedonia | 88.4% | 2025 | up 12.3% | rising |
| 50 | New Caledonia | 88.3% | 2025 | down 1.4% | flat |
| 51 | Australia | 87.7% | 2025 | down 0.8% | rising |
| 52 | Netherlands | 87.3% | 2025 | down 2.3% | flat |
| 53 | Barbados | 86.8% | 2025 | down 2.0% | falling |
| 54 | Guam | 86.8% | 2025 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 55 | Poland | 86.4% | 2025 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 56 | South Africa | 85.3% | 2025 | down 3.0% | rising |
| 57 | Lebanon | 85.1% | 2023 | down 1.5% | flat |
| 58 | New Zealand | 85.0% | 2025 | up 1.2% | flat |
| 59 | Switzerland | 84.9% | 2025 | down 2.2% | flat |
| 60 | French Polynesia | 84.9% | 2025 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 61 | Tunisia | 84.8% | 2025 | up 1.4% | rising |
| 62 | Italy | 84.1% | 2025 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 63 | Trinidad and Tobago | 83.0% | 2025 | down 2.8% | rising |
| 64 | Malaysia | 81.8% | 2025 | up 0.2% | rising |
| 65 | Saint Lucia | 81.5% | 2025 | up 3.5% | flat |
| 66 | Cuba | 81.1% | 2025 | up 0.0% | falling |
| 67 | Ukraine | 80.8% | 2021 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 68 | South Korea | 80.6% | 2025 | up 5.5% | rising |
| 69 | Suriname | 79.3% | 2025 | down 0.1% | falling |
| 70 | Chile | 77.2% | 2025 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 71 | Argentina | 77.2% | 2025 | down 3.4% | flat |
| 72 | Palestine | 77.1% | 2022 | up 21.4% | rising |
| 73 | Libya | 76.9% | 2025 | up 1.0% | falling |
| 74 | Costa Rica | 76.7% | 2025 | up 4.6% | rising |
| 75 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 76.7% | 2025 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 76 | Algeria | 76.6% | 2025 | up 3.3% | rising |
| 77 | Syria | 76.6% | 2025 | up 1.5% | rising |
| 78 | Serbia | 76.0% | 2025 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 79 | Brazil | 75.3% | 2025 | down 0.1% | rising |
| 80 | Greece | 75.3% | 2025 | up 5.3% | rising |
| 81 | Kazakhstan | 74.6% | 2025 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 82 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 74.5% | 2025 | down 2.4% | rising |
| 83 | Kyrgyzstan | 74.5% | 2025 | up 17.7% | rising |
| 84 | Uruguay | 74.4% | 2025 | down 2.0% | flat |
| 85 | Morocco | 74.1% | 2025 | up 4.6% | rising |
| 86 | Turkey | 72.7% | 2025 | up 18.9% | rising |
| 87 | Botswana | 71.9% | 2025 | up 2.9% | falling |
| 88 | Guyana | 70.8% | 2025 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 89 | Turkmenistan | 70.5% | 2025 | up 4.5% | rising |
| 90 | Egypt | 69.7% | 2025 | up 8.0% | rising |
| 91 | Uzbekistan | 69.6% | 2025 | up 1.4% | rising |
| 92 | Jamaica | 69.5% | 2025 | up 3.6% | rising |
| 93 | Mexico | 69.0% | 2025 | down 1.5% | rising |
| 94 | Dominican Republic | 68.6% | 2025 | up 1.7% | rising |
| 95 | Equatorial Guinea | 68.5% | 2025 | down 4.9% | rising |
| 96 | Maldives | 68.5% | 2025 | up 5.4% | rising |
| 97 | Fiji | 67.6% | 2025 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 98 | Lesotho | 66.4% | 2025 | up 3.3% | rising |
| 99 | Armenia | 65.6% | 2025 | up 31.0% | rising |
| 100 | Eswatini | 64.8% | 2025 | up 12.6% | rising |
| 101 | China | 64.6% | 2025 | up 7.5% | rising |
| 102 | Tajikistan | 64.3% | 2025 | up 3.6% | flat |
| 103 | Belize | 63.0% | 2025 | down 11.6% | falling |
| 104 | Iran | 63.0% | 2025 | up 12.4% | rising |
| 105 | Panama | 62.8% | 2025 | down 7.7% | falling |
| 106 | Iraq | 62.7% | 2025 | up 3.5% | rising |
| 107 | Samoa | 62.7% | 2025 | up 3.5% | rising |
| 108 | Venezuela | 62.2% | 2025 | down 9.3% | flat |
| 109 | Gabon | 61.4% | 2025 | up 1.9% | rising |
| 110 | Mongolia | 61.0% | 2025 | up 16.9% | rising |
| 111 | Sri Lanka | 59.6% | 2025 | up 8.8% | flat |
| 112 | Paraguay | 59.0% | 2025 | up 6.0% | rising |
| 113 | Philippines | 58.9% | 2025 | up 3.7% | rising |
| 114 | Namibia | 58.3% | 2025 | down 5.1% | rising |
| 115 | El Salvador | 57.7% | 2025 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 116 | Colombia | 57.3% | 2025 | up 3.2% | falling |
| 117 | Tonga | 57.2% | 2025 | up 26.6% | rising |
| 118 | Georgia | 57.0% | 2025 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 119 | Rwanda | 55.9% | 2025 | up 9.9% | rising |
| 120 | Sao Tome and Principe | 55.6% | 2025 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 121 | Cape Verde | 52.8% | 2025 | up 6.0% | rising |
| 122 | Albania | 51.5% | 2025 | up 20.5% | rising |
| 123 | Nicaragua | 50.9% | 2025 | up 2.6% | rising |
| 124 | Thailand | 50.2% | 2025 | up 5.1% | rising |
| 125 | Guatemala | 46.4% | 2025 | down 9.8% | falling |
| 126 | Honduras | 45.7% | 2025 | up 7.5% | rising |
| 127 | Peru | 45.3% | 2025 | up 13.1% | rising |
| 128 | Sudan | 43.2% | 2022 | up 5.7% | rising |
| 129 | Vietnam | 41.8% | 2025 | up 21.8% | rising |
| 130 | Eritrea | 41.0% | 2025 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 131 | Moldova | 40.5% | 2025 | up 0.6% | falling |
| 132 | Indonesia | 39.6% | 2025 | down 2.0% | rising |
| 133 | Ecuador | 39.3% | 2025 | down 8.7% | flat |
| 134 | Cambodia | 39.2% | 2025 | up 5.7% | rising |
| 135 | Djibouti | 37.3% | 2025 | up 4.9% | rising |
| 136 | Vanuatu | 36.4% | 2025 | up 19.6% | rising |
| 137 | North Korea | 36.2% | 2025 | down 1.4% | flat |
| 138 | Myanmar | 34.8% | 2025 | up 7.8% | rising |
| 139 | Yemen | 34.8% | 2025 | up 5.9% | flat |
| 140 | Bangladesh | 34.7% | 2025 | up 27.9% | rising |
| 141 | Somalia | 33.6% | 2025 | up 1.3% | rising |
| 142 | Malawi | 32.6% | 2025 | up 2.4% | rising |
| 143 | Comoros | 30.5% | 2025 | up 2.4% | rising |
| 144 | Bolivia | 30.3% | 2025 | up 18.7% | rising |
| 145 | Azerbaijan | 28.4% | 2025 | up 0.8% | falling |
| 146 | Mauritania | 28.1% | 2025 | up 0.7% | rising |
| 147 | Pakistan | 26.7% | 2025 | up 6.4% | rising |
| 148 | Ghana | 26.3% | 2025 | up 63.4% | rising |
| 149 | Kenya | 26.0% | 2025 | down 3.7% | rising |
| 150 | Senegal | 23.8% | 2025 | down 8.2% | falling |
| 151 | Cameroon | 21.9% | 2025 | up 49.2% | rising |
| 152 | Zimbabwe | 21.6% | 2025 | up 1.5% | falling |
| 153 | India | 21.2% | 2025 | up 24.8% | rising |
| 154 | Solomon Islands | 20.4% | 2025 | down 1.3% | flat |
| 155 | East Timor | 20.2% | 2025 | up 2.5% | rising |
| 156 | Zambia | 19.9% | 2025 | up 38.9% | rising |
| 157 | Cote d'Ivoire | 19.1% | 2025 | up 28.3% | rising |
| 158 | Mali | 18.4% | 2025 | up 78.2% | rising |
| 159 | Laos | 18.2% | 2025 | up 20.4% | rising |
| 160 | Gambia | 17.7% | 2025 | up 10.9% | rising |
| 161 | Bhutan | 17.7% | 2025 | up 19.8% | falling |
| 162 | Benin | 15.8% | 2025 | up 47.2% | rising |
| 163 | South Sudan | 15.1% | 2023 | up 31.6% | rising |
| 164 | Haiti | 15.0% | 2025 | down 7.3% | rising |
| 165 | Togo | 14.9% | 2025 | up 49.7% | rising |
| 166 | Guinea-Bissau | 14.5% | 2025 | up 9.4% | rising |
| 167 | Papua New Guinea | 14.5% | 2025 | up 9.3% | rising |
| 168 | Angola | 14.4% | 2025 | down 1.3% | volatile |
| 169 | Ethiopia | 13.3% | 2025 | up 31.5% | rising |
| 170 | Uganda | 12.1% | 2025 | down 16.7% | rising |
| 171 | Central African Republic | 11.7% | 2025 | up 4.2% | rising |
| 172 | Burkina Faso | 11.1% | 2025 | up 0.6% | rising |
| 173 | Nigeria | 10.5% | 2025 | up 16.7% | rising |
| 174 | Guinea | 10.1% | 2025 | up 37.7% | volatile |
| 175 | Congo | 9.9% | 2025 | up 5.1% | rising |
| 176 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 9.5% | 2025 | up 12.0% | rising |
| 177 | Tanzania | 9.4% | 2025 | up 21.2% | rising |
| 178 | Burundi | 9.4% | 2025 | up 65.2% | rising |
| 179 | Madagascar | 9.4% | 2025 | up 17.0% | falling |
| 180 | Liberia | 9.3% | 2025 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 181 | Nepal | 9.2% | 2025 | up 28.2% | rising |
| 182 | Mozambique | 8.7% | 2025 | up 57.5% | volatile |
| 183 | Afghanistan | 6.5% | 2025 | up 4.1% | volatile |
| 184 | Sierra Leone | 5.2% | 2025 | up 3.8% | rising |
| 185 | Niger | 4.6% | 2025 | up 27.7% | falling |
| 186 | Chad | 3.2% | 2025 | up 0.7% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Channel Islands 95.5%
- North America 95.4%
- Post-demographic dividend 91.5%
- High income 91.3%
- Euro area 89.5%
- European Union 89.5%
- Central Europe and the Baltics 88.7%
- OECD members 87.5%
- Europe & Central Asia 86.8%
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 83.1%
- Caribbean small states 80.0%
- Arab World 76.2%
About this data
Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.