Proportion of population further impoverished due to out-of-pocket health expenditure, based on the societal poverty line (%) by country
Proportion of population living in households already in societal poverty (household total budget lies below the societal poverty line) that incur any out-of-pocket health expenditure. The household discretionary budget is defined as the total household budget, measured by consumption expenditure or income, minus...
What the numbers show
Proportion of population further impoverished due to out-of-pocket health expenditure, based on the societal poverty line (%) is currently reported for 69 countries. The highest value is 41.1% in Malawi; the lowest is 2.2% in Lithuania.
The median across all reporting countries is 10.3%, and the mean is 14.5%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 19.
Over the past decade 21 countries rose and 48 fell. The largest increase was in Bhutan (up 182.3%), and the largest decrease in Colombia (down 72.0%).
Proportion of population further impoverished due to out-of-pocket hea: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Malawi | 41.1% | 2019 | up 10.9% | falling |
| 2 | Nigeria | 39.0% | 2022 | up 16.7% | rising |
| 3 | Mali | 35.0% | 2022 | down 24.1% | falling |
| 4 | Niger | 33.6% | 2021 | down 30.3% | falling |
| 5 | Philippines | 30.9% | 2015 | down 10.2% | flat |
| 6 | Burkina Faso | 30.3% | 2021 | down 42.3% | rising |
| 7 | India | 29.2% | 2011 | down 8.3% | falling |
| 8 | Cameroon | 29.0% | 2022 | down 16.7% | falling |
| 9 | Uganda | 28.7% | 2019 | down 19.4% | falling |
| 10 | Pakistan | 25.4% | 2018 | down 24.1% | falling |
| 11 | Tajikistan | 24.7% | 2018 | up 113.0% | rising |
| 12 | Indonesia | 24.5% | 2023 | down 15.7% | falling |
| 13 | Benin | 24.5% | 2021 | down 49.6% | falling |
| 14 | Senegal | 24.5% | 2021 | down 39.9% | falling |
| 15 | Togo | 23.2% | 2021 | down 38.8% | falling |
| 16 | Ethiopia | 22.3% | 2021 | down 27.1% | falling |
| 17 | Cote d'Ivoire | 21.7% | 2021 | down 7.8% | rising |
| 18 | South Africa | 20.2% | 2014 | down 33.3% | falling |
| 19 | Ghana | 20.0% | 2016 | down 49.5% | falling |
| 20 | Peru | 19.8% | 2022 | up 5.6% | falling |
| 21 | Georgia | 19.2% | 2011 | down 12.7% | falling |
| 22 | Mongolia | 18.6% | 2023 | up 30.5% | rising |
| 23 | Jamaica | 18.5% | 2021 | down 1.2% | rising |
| 24 | Nicaragua | 18.2% | 2014 | down 32.9% | falling |
| 25 | Vietnam | 17.8% | 2020 | down 21.9% | falling |
| 26 | Nepal | 16.0% | 2022 | down 29.0% | falling |
| 27 | Egypt | 14.9% | 2019 | down 15.9% | falling |
| 28 | Zambia | 13.9% | 2015 | down 44.0% | falling |
| 29 | Mexico | 12.6% | 2022 | up 21.0% | falling |
| 30 | Luxembourg | 11.7% | 2023 | down 7.9% | rising |
| 31 | Greece | 11.4% | 2023 | up 78.9% | rising |
| 32 | Cambodia | 10.9% | 2023 | up 16.3% | falling |
| 33 | Russia | 10.8% | 2014 | down 45.2% | falling |
| 34 | Turkey | 10.8% | 2016 | up 5.5% | rising |
| 35 | Hungary | 10.3% | 2007 | up 105.8% | rising |
| 36 | Bolivia | 10.3% | 2021 | down 28.3% | rising |
| 37 | Israel | 10.0% | 2021 | down 27.8% | falling |
| 38 | Portugal | 10.0% | 2022 | up 13.9% | rising |
| 39 | Sri Lanka | 9.9% | 2016 | down 38.1% | falling |
| 40 | Chile | 9.7% | 2021 | down 5.0% | falling |
| 41 | Tunisia | 9.4% | 2021 | down 38.3% | falling |
| 42 | Iran | 9.4% | 2022 | down 5.2% | falling |
| 43 | Albania | 9.3% | 2017 | down 6.6% | falling |
| 44 | Ukraine | 8.8% | 2019 | down 1.7% | falling |
| 45 | Bhutan | 8.3% | 2022 | up 182.3% | rising |
| 46 | El Salvador | 8.1% | 2019 | up 169.3% | rising |
| 47 | Spain | 7.9% | 2023 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 48 | Romania | 7.6% | 2016 | up 38.2% | flat |
| 49 | Slovakia | 7.3% | 2022 | up 47.8% | falling |
| 50 | Latvia | 7.1% | 2019 | up 22.8% | falling |
| 51 | Poland | 7.0% | 2019 | down 23.0% | falling |
| 52 | Montenegro | 6.8% | 2015 | down 12.7% | flat |
| 53 | Serbia | 6.8% | 2022 | down 9.0% | flat |
| 54 | Bulgaria | 6.7% | 2023 | down 34.4% | falling |
| 55 | Kyrgyzstan | 6.5% | 2022 | up 21.8% | falling |
| 56 | Armenia | 6.5% | 2020 | down 31.0% | rising |
| 57 | Switzerland | 6.2% | 2017 | up 1.6% | flat |
| 58 | North Macedonia | 6.2% | 2020 | down 14.7% | falling |
| 59 | Kazakhstan | 6.0% | 2018 | down 40.3% | volatile |
| 60 | United Kingdom | 5.9% | 2021 | up 16.2% | rising |
| 61 | Croatia | 5.9% | 2010 | down 25.1% | rising |
| 62 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 5.3% | 2022 | down 27.2% | falling |
| 63 | Belarus | 5.2% | 2020 | down 54.9% | falling |
| 64 | Estonia | 4.8% | 2011 | down 28.5% | falling |
| 65 | United States | 4.8% | 2023 | down 23.8% | falling |
| 66 | Moldova | 4.0% | 2023 | down 43.8% | falling |
| 67 | Colombia | 4.0% | 2021 | down 72.0% | falling |
| 68 | Slovenia | 3.9% | 2022 | up 32.1% | falling |
| 69 | Lithuania | 2.2% | 2021 | down 60.7% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Sub-Saharan Africa 30.8%
- Low income 30.7%
- Lower middle income 22.8%
- South Asia 21.6%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 19.3%
- World 18.6%
- East Asia & Pacific 17.2%
- Upper middle income 16.3%
- Latin America & Caribbean 14.2%
- Europe & Central Asia 8.2%
- Kosovo 7.8%
- High income 6.0%
About this data
Proportion of population living in households already in societal poverty (household total budget lies below the societal poverty line) that incur any out-of-pocket health expenditure. The household discretionary budget is defined as the total household budget, measured by consumption expenditure or income, minus the societal poverty line (SPL). Using 2017 purchasing power parities (PPPs), the SPL corresponds to whichever is greater: $2.15 (the international poverty line) or $1.15 + 50% of median household consumption expenditure or income, excluding out-of-pocket household expenditure on health. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).