Gross national expenditure (% of GDP) by country
Gross national expenditure is the sum of household final consumption expenditure, general government final consumption expenditure, and gross capital formation. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services...
Countries reporting
184
Highest
192.7%
Kiribati
Lowest
54.6%
Macao
Median
102.0%
Years covered
66
1960–2025
Data points
8,526
What the numbers show
Gross national expenditure (% of GDP) is currently reported for 184 countries. The highest value is 192.7% in Kiribati; the lowest is 54.6% in Macao.
The median across all reporting countries is 102.0%, and the mean is 105.1%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 4.
Over the past decade 82 countries rose and 100 fell. The largest increase was in Cuba (up 47.1%), and the largest decrease in Turkmenistan (down 47.8%).
Gross national expenditure: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kiribati | 192.7% | 2024 | up 5.8% | rising |
| 2 | East Timor | 174.3% | 2024 | up 0.4% | falling |
| 3 | Somalia | 169.6% | 2025 | up 18.8% | rising |
| 4 | Lesotho | 164.4% | 2025 | up 14.2% | flat |
| 5 | Afghanistan | 152.4% | 2024 | — | rising |
| 6 | Palau | 147.9% | 2024 | up 7.7% | rising |
| 7 | Tonga | 146.1% | 2024 | up 3.6% | rising |
| 8 | Marshall Islands | 145.1% | 2024 | down 3.5% | falling |
| 9 | Cuba | 139.9% | 2024 | up 47.1% | falling |
| 10 | Yemen | 138.6% | 2018 | up 31.3% | flat |
| 11 | Jordan | 137.5% | 2007 | up 12.5% | falling |
| 12 | Eritrea | 137.4% | 2011 | down 8.7% | falling |
| 13 | Gambia | 136.7% | 2025 | up 23.9% | rising |
| 14 | Tajikistan | 136.4% | 2024 | down 5.1% | rising |
| 15 | Lebanon | 135.6% | 2024 | up 2.5% | falling |
| 16 | Kyrgyzstan | 133.5% | 2025 | down 6.6% | rising |
| 17 | Palestine | 133.2% | 2025 | down 3.8% | falling |
| 18 | Guyana | 132.7% | 2005 | up 19.6% | rising |
| 20 | Moldova | 129.2% | 2025 | up 3.0% | flat |
| 21 | Curacao | 128.8% | 2018 | up 0.8% | flat |
| 22 | French Polynesia | 127.6% | 2024 | up 9.2% | rising |
| 23 | Solomon Islands | 127.6% | 2024 | up 19.2% | falling |
| 24 | Ukraine | 126.5% | 2025 | up 23.3% | rising |
| 25 | Montenegro | 125.6% | 2025 | up 5.9% | flat |
| 26 | El Salvador | 124.1% | 2025 | up 5.5% | rising |
| 27 | Vanuatu | 122.7% | 2024 | up 16.7% | rising |
| 28 | Nepal | 122.5% | 2025 | down 0.9% | rising |
| 29 | Comoros | 122.3% | 2025 | up 4.0% | flat |
| 30 | Honduras | 121.5% | 2025 | up 3.9% | rising |
| 31 | Samoa | 121.4% | 2025 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 32 | Guinea | 120.9% | 2025 | down 6.6% | rising |
| 33 | Sao Tome and Principe | 120.0% | 2025 | down 17.4% | falling |
| 34 | Namibia | 119.2% | 2025 | down 5.7% | rising |
| 35 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 118.4% | 2025 | down 6.2% | falling |
| 36 | Malawi | 118.1% | 2025 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 37 | Bhutan | 116.4% | 2024 | down 2.7% | flat |
| 38 | Guatemala | 115.4% | 2025 | up 4.7% | rising |
| 39 | Tunisia | 114.7% | 2025 | up 3.9% | rising |
| 40 | Mauritania | 114.3% | 2025 | down 2.3% | rising |
| 41 | Mozambique | 114.3% | 2025 | down 14.4% | flat |
| 42 | Central African Republic | 114.2% | 2025 | down 4.0% | rising |
| 43 | North Macedonia | 113.7% | 2025 | down 2.1% | rising |
| 44 | Philippines | 113.7% | 2025 | up 8.6% | rising |
| 45 | Rwanda | 113.6% | 2025 | down 4.5% | rising |
| 46 | Uzbekistan | 113.3% | 2025 | up 6.5% | rising |
| 47 | Nicaragua | 113.3% | 2025 | down 4.0% | falling |
| 48 | Guinea-Bissau | 113.1% | 2025 | up 8.8% | falling |
| 49 | Seychelles | 113.0% | 2025 | up 5.4% | rising |
| 50 | Haiti | 112.8% | 2025 | down 4.7% | flat |
| 51 | New Caledonia | 112.1% | 2024 | down 8.0% | falling |
| 52 | Egypt | 111.7% | 2025 | up 3.0% | flat |
| 53 | Madagascar | 111.6% | 2025 | up 6.8% | rising |
| 54 | Cape Verde | 111.4% | 2025 | down 0.3% | falling |
| 55 | Togo | 110.8% | 2023 | down 2.8% | rising |
| 56 | Greenland | 110.3% | 2023 | down 8.5% | falling |
| 57 | Fiji | 110.2% | 2024 | up 3.8% | rising |
| 58 | Morocco | 109.2% | 2025 | up 1.7% | flat |
| 59 | Iran | 108.7% | 2025 | up 7.7% | falling |
| 60 | Laos | 108.7% | 2016 | up 2.9% | rising |
| 61 | Sierra Leone | 107.3% | 2025 | down 7.1% | rising |
| 62 | Pakistan | 107.2% | 2025 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 63 | Ethiopia | 106.9% | 2025 | down 11.6% | falling |
| 64 | Albania | 106.9% | 2024 | down 10.1% | flat |
| 65 | Bangladesh | 106.6% | 2025 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 66 | Botswana | 106.4% | 2025 | up 0.3% | falling |
| 67 | Cameroon | 106.3% | 2025 | up 2.6% | flat |
| 68 | Senegal | 106.1% | 2025 | down 5.9% | rising |
| 69 | Georgia | 105.8% | 2025 | down 9.4% | rising |
| 70 | Armenia | 105.5% | 2025 | down 5.6% | falling |
| 71 | Zimbabwe | 105.4% | 2024 | down 6.5% | rising |
| 72 | Colombia | 105.4% | 2025 | down 1.6% | rising |
| 73 | Algeria | 105.3% | 2025 | down 6.1% | falling |
| 74 | Romania | 105.2% | 2025 | up 4.4% | flat |
| 75 | Kenya | 105.1% | 2025 | down 4.7% | rising |
| 76 | Croatia | 105.0% | 2025 | up 5.3% | falling |
| 77 | Mexico | 104.6% | 2025 | down 0.1% | rising |
| 78 | Mali | 104.6% | 2025 | down 7.5% | flat |
| 79 | Latvia | 104.6% | 2025 | up 3.3% | falling |
| 80 | Greece | 104.5% | 2025 | up 3.6% | flat |
| 81 | Serbia | 104.3% | 2025 | down 2.3% | flat |
| 82 | Dominican Republic | 104.2% | 2025 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 83 | Bolivia | 104.1% | 2024 | up 5.5% | flat |
| 84 | Syria | 104.1% | 1969 | down 2.3% | flat |
| 85 | Bahamas | 104.0% | 2024 | down 2.8% | rising |
| 86 | Sri Lanka | 103.9% | 2025 | down 3.0% | flat |
| 87 | United States | 103.1% | 2024 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 88 | Benin | 103.0% | 2025 | down 4.0% | falling |
| 89 | Mauritius | 102.5% | 2025 | down 0.4% | flat |
| 90 | Niger | 102.4% | 2025 | down 11.9% | rising |
| 91 | Iceland | 102.3% | 2025 | up 10.9% | falling |
| 92 | Paraguay | 102.1% | 2025 | up 4.8% | falling |
| 93 | India | 102.0% | 2025 | up 0.5% | falling |
| 94 | Belgium | 102.0% | 2025 | up 2.7% | flat |
| 95 | Belarus | 101.6% | 2025 | up 4.9% | falling |
| 96 | United Kingdom | 101.4% | 2025 | down 0.0% | falling |
| 97 | New Zealand | 101.1% | 2024 | up 1.9% | flat |
| 98 | Bulgaria | 101.0% | 2025 | up 1.9% | flat |
| 99 | Argentina | 101.0% | 2025 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 100 | Tanzania | 101.0% | 2025 | down 5.2% | rising |
| 101 | Japan | 100.9% | 2024 | down 1.6% | flat |
| 102 | Canada | 100.8% | 2025 | down 1.6% | flat |
| 103 | Puerto Rico | 100.6% | 2025 | up 30.7% | falling |
| 104 | France | 100.4% | 2025 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 105 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 100.3% | 2025 | down 5.1% | flat |
| 106 | Turkey | 100.2% | 2025 | down 1.1% | rising |
| 107 | Sudan | 100.2% | 2025 | down 3.9% | falling |
| 108 | Slovakia | 100.2% | 2025 | up 2.2% | falling |
| 109 | Maldives | 100.0% | 2024 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 110 | Belize | 100.0% | 2024 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 111 | Eswatini | 100.0% | 2024 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 112 | Brazil | 99.7% | 2025 | down 1.5% | flat |
| 113 | Uganda | 99.5% | 2025 | down 9.2% | rising |
| 114 | Australia | 99.5% | 2025 | down 2.0% | flat |
| 115 | Portugal | 99.1% | 2025 | down 0.2% | falling |
| 116 | Estonia | 99.0% | 2025 | up 2.9% | falling |
| 117 | Finland | 98.7% | 2025 | down 1.9% | flat |
| 118 | South Africa | 98.6% | 2025 | down 2.7% | rising |
| 119 | Saudi Arabia | 98.4% | 2025 | down 5.6% | rising |
| 120 | Italy | 98.1% | 2025 | up 0.9% | flat |
| 121 | Sweden | 97.9% | 2025 | up 1.2% | falling |
| 122 | Israel | 97.9% | 2025 | up 0.7% | falling |
| 123 | Ghana | 97.7% | 2024 | down 9.0% | rising |
| 124 | Germany | 97.6% | 2025 | up 5.5% | falling |
| 125 | Mongolia | 97.5% | 2025 | down 3.7% | falling |
| 126 | Austria | 97.4% | 2025 | up 1.1% | falling |
| 127 | Thailand | 97.2% | 2025 | up 7.0% | falling |
| 128 | China | 97.2% | 2024 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 129 | Hong Kong | 97.1% | 2025 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 130 | Poland | 97.1% | 2025 | down 0.8% | falling |
| 131 | Faroe Islands | 96.6% | 2024 | down 2.7% | falling |
| 132 | Ecuador | 96.5% | 2025 | down 5.7% | flat |
| 133 | Russia | 96.3% | 2025 | up 4.0% | flat |
| 134 | Spain | 96.2% | 2025 | down 0.8% | falling |
| 135 | Lithuania | 96.1% | 2025 | down 4.8% | falling |
| 136 | Chile | 95.9% | 2025 | down 5.1% | flat |
| 137 | Uruguay | 95.6% | 2025 | down 4.8% | flat |
| 138 | Hungary | 95.5% | 2025 | up 3.4% | falling |
| 139 | Congo | 95.5% | 2025 | down 29.6% | falling |
| 140 | Cambodia | 95.4% | 2025 | down 12.9% | falling |
| 141 | Venezuela | 95.2% | 2025 | up 20.7% | volatile |
| 142 | Burkina Faso | 95.0% | 2025 | down 11.1% | flat |
| 143 | Cote d'Ivoire | 95.0% | 2025 | down 3.1% | rising |
| 144 | Panama | 95.0% | 2024 | down 9.7% | flat |
| 145 | South Korea | 94.8% | 2025 | up 1.4% | falling |
| 146 | Slovenia | 94.6% | 2025 | up 3.0% | flat |
| 147 | Malaysia | 94.5% | 2025 | up 2.1% | falling |
| 148 | Cyprus | 94.3% | 2025 | down 3.0% | falling |
| 149 | Czechia | 94.1% | 2025 | up 0.2% | falling |
| 150 | Costa Rica | 93.8% | 2025 | down 6.9% | falling |
| 151 | Azerbaijan | 93.8% | 2025 | down 3.3% | falling |
| 152 | Vietnam | 93.4% | 2025 | down 8.5% | falling |
| 153 | Indonesia | 93.4% | 2025 | down 7.8% | falling |
| 154 | Aruba | 92.8% | 2024 | down 12.1% | flat |
| 155 | South Sudan | 92.2% | 2015 | up 41.7% | rising |
| 156 | Peru | 91.9% | 2025 | down 10.4% | falling |
| 157 | Switzerland | 91.1% | 2025 | up 1.3% | falling |
| 158 | Kazakhstan | 90.3% | 2024 | up 6.3% | falling |
| 159 | Denmark | 89.0% | 2025 | down 4.8% | falling |
| 160 | Netherlands | 88.8% | 2025 | down 3.9% | falling |
| 161 | Norway | 88.3% | 2025 | down 5.3% | falling |
| 162 | Angola | 88.1% | 2024 | down 7.8% | rising |
| 163 | Iraq | 87.7% | 2024 | up 12.1% | falling |
| 164 | Chad | 87.3% | 2025 | down 5.8% | flat |
| 165 | Papua New Guinea | 86.8% | 2004 | up 0.6% | falling |
| 166 | Suriname | 85.5% | 2010 | — | flat |
| 167 | Djibouti | 85.3% | 2025 | up 10.0% | falling |
| 168 | Zambia | 84.5% | 2024 | down 9.7% | falling |
| 169 | United Arab Emirates | 83.7% | 2023 | up 31.7% | falling |
| 170 | Oman | 82.7% | 2024 | up 4.2% | rising |
| 171 | Kuwait | 82.5% | 2024 | up 30.9% | rising |
| 172 | Bahrain | 82.3% | 2024 | down 2.2% | rising |
| 173 | Equatorial Guinea | 81.9% | 2025 | down 4.3% | rising |
| 174 | Malta | 80.8% | 2025 | down 10.0% | falling |
| 175 | Brunei | 80.3% | 2025 | up 0.2% | rising |
| 176 | Libya | 77.5% | 2025 | down 31.1% | flat |
| 177 | Gabon | 73.9% | 2025 | down 9.7% | falling |
| 178 | San Marino | 69.0% | 2023 | down 4.8% | flat |
| 179 | Luxembourg | 68.8% | 2025 | up 2.0% | falling |
| 180 | Turkmenistan | 68.3% | 2009 | down 47.8% | falling |
| 181 | Bermuda | 66.1% | 2024 | down 10.6% | falling |
| 182 | Singapore | 63.8% | 2025 | down 12.2% | falling |
| 183 | Qatar | 63.0% | 2022 | up 19.3% | falling |
| 184 | Ireland | 59.4% | 2025 | down 15.0% | falling |
| 185 | Macao | 54.6% | 2025 | down 11.8% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Kosovo 130.3%
About this data
Gross national expenditure is the sum of household final consumption expenditure, general government final consumption expenditure, and gross capital formation. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.