Gross capital formation (% of GDP) by country
Gross capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for purposes of fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic...
Countries reporting
185
Highest
46.6%
Turkmenistan
Lowest
-3.7%
Equatorial Guinea
Median
23.2%
Years covered
66
1960–2025
Data points
10,920
What the numbers show
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) is currently reported for 185 countries. The highest value is 46.6% in Turkmenistan; the lowest is -3.7% in Equatorial Guinea.
The median across all reporting countries is 23.2%, and the mean is 23.3%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 13.
Over the past decade 85 countries rose and 98 fell. The largest increase was in Cuba (up 218.1%), and the largest decrease in Equatorial Guinea (down 114.9%).
Gross capital formation: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Turkmenistan | 46.6% | 2009 | up 17.5% | falling |
| 2 | Algeria | 45.3% | 2025 | down 12.6% | rising |
| 3 | Mauritania | 44.3% | 2025 | up 15.3% | volatile |
| 4 | Bhutan | 42.6% | 2024 | down 24.6% | rising |
| 5 | Iran | 41.8% | 2025 | up 30.6% | rising |
| 6 | Curacao | 41.1% | 2018 | up 5.5% | falling |
| 7 | Tanzania | 40.7% | 2025 | up 24.2% | rising |
| 8 | China | 40.5% | 2024 | down 10.7% | rising |
| 9 | Gambia | 40.4% | 2025 | up 98.5% | volatile |
| 10 | Guinea | 37.0% | 2025 | up 53.1% | rising |
| 11 | Suriname | 36.2% | 2010 | — | flat |
| 12 | Greenland | 36.0% | 2023 | up 19.6% | rising |
| 13 | Benin | 35.8% | 2025 | up 72.8% | rising |
| 14 | Palau | 35.0% | 2024 | up 11.4% | rising |
| 15 | India | 34.6% | 2025 | up 7.7% | rising |
| 17 | Rwanda | 34.1% | 2025 | up 39.2% | falling |
| 18 | Panama | 33.5% | 2024 | down 23.0% | rising |
| 19 | Uzbekistan | 33.3% | 2025 | up 36.2% | rising |
| 20 | Tajikistan | 32.4% | 2024 | up 22.3% | rising |
| 21 | Guyana | 32.3% | 2005 | down 2.7% | rising |
| 22 | Morocco | 31.9% | 2025 | up 5.6% | rising |
| 23 | North Macedonia | 31.7% | 2025 | up 4.3% | rising |
| 24 | Turkey | 31.7% | 2025 | up 5.3% | rising |
| 25 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 31.7% | 2025 | up 12.1% | volatile |
| 26 | Saudi Arabia | 31.6% | 2025 | down 2.5% | rising |
| 27 | Cambodia | 31.5% | 2025 | up 5.5% | rising |
| 28 | Mongolia | 31.4% | 2025 | up 28.1% | falling |
| 29 | Lesotho | 31.2% | 2025 | up 2.6% | rising |
| 30 | Vietnam | 30.8% | 2025 | down 4.1% | rising |
| 31 | Maldives | 30.8% | 2024 | up 10.5% | falling |
| 32 | Qatar | 30.6% | 2022 | up 12.9% | rising |
| 33 | Indonesia | 30.6% | 2025 | down 10.1% | rising |
| 34 | Jordan | 30.3% | 2007 | up 17.6% | falling |
| 35 | East Timor | 30.1% | 2024 | down 30.2% | falling |
| 36 | Samoa | 30.0% | 2025 | down 16.2% | rising |
| 37 | Kiribati | 29.9% | 2024 | up 4.4% | rising |
| 38 | Sri Lanka | 29.6% | 2025 | down 13.5% | rising |
| 39 | Switzerland | 29.5% | 2025 | up 13.7% | falling |
| 40 | Nepal | 29.4% | 2025 | down 6.0% | rising |
| 41 | Congo | 29.4% | 2025 | down 61.7% | rising |
| 42 | Botswana | 29.2% | 2025 | up 2.5% | rising |
| 43 | South Korea | 29.1% | 2025 | down 0.6% | rising |
| 44 | Laos | 29.0% | 2016 | down 3.5% | rising |
| 45 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 28.7% | 2025 | up 29.6% | falling |
| 46 | Bangladesh | 28.5% | 2025 | down 1.2% | rising |
| 47 | Bahrain | 28.4% | 2024 | up 5.2% | rising |
| 48 | Faroe Islands | 28.2% | 2024 | up 29.5% | rising |
| 49 | Somalia | 28.1% | 2025 | up 113.8% | rising |
| 50 | Kyrgyzstan | 28.0% | 2025 | down 19.3% | rising |
| 51 | Japan | 27.7% | 2024 | up 5.1% | falling |
| 52 | Kazakhstan | 27.2% | 2024 | up 5.5% | rising |
| 53 | Brunei | 27.1% | 2025 | down 23.0% | rising |
| 54 | Belarus | 27.1% | 2025 | down 6.6% | flat |
| 55 | Montenegro | 26.9% | 2025 | up 36.5% | rising |
| 56 | Senegal | 26.9% | 2025 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 57 | Bahamas | 26.8% | 2024 | down 14.6% | rising |
| 58 | Czechia | 26.8% | 2025 | down 0.8% | falling |
| 59 | United Arab Emirates | 26.6% | 2023 | up 26.0% | rising |
| 60 | Iceland | 26.6% | 2025 | up 38.5% | falling |
| 61 | Tonga | 26.4% | 2024 | up 16.8% | rising |
| 62 | El Salvador | 26.3% | 2025 | up 64.4% | rising |
| 63 | Vanuatu | 26.1% | 2024 | up 43.7% | flat |
| 64 | Romania | 25.9% | 2025 | up 1.6% | flat |
| 65 | Russia | 25.9% | 2025 | up 16.9% | falling |
| 66 | Guinea-Bissau | 25.8% | 2025 | up 75.8% | falling |
| 67 | Nicaragua | 25.8% | 2025 | down 23.1% | rising |
| 68 | Belgium | 25.7% | 2025 | up 10.4% | falling |
| 69 | Aruba | 25.7% | 2024 | up 11.4% | falling |
| 70 | Palestine | 25.6% | 2025 | up 2.0% | falling |
| 71 | Sweden | 25.5% | 2025 | up 7.0% | falling |
| 72 | Paraguay | 25.3% | 2025 | up 15.6% | rising |
| 73 | Albania | 25.0% | 2024 | down 11.8% | falling |
| 74 | Estonia | 24.8% | 2025 | up 0.8% | falling |
| 75 | Oman | 24.8% | 2024 | down 13.2% | rising |
| 76 | Gabon | 24.8% | 2025 | down 15.1% | falling |
| 77 | Dominican Republic | 24.7% | 2025 | up 9.1% | rising |
| 78 | Croatia | 24.6% | 2025 | up 26.2% | rising |
| 79 | Australia | 24.5% | 2025 | down 6.5% | falling |
| 80 | Israel | 24.3% | 2025 | up 10.0% | falling |
| 81 | Cuba | 24.2% | 2024 | up 218.1% | falling |
| 82 | Armenia | 24.2% | 2025 | up 16.8% | falling |
| 83 | Mozambique | 24.2% | 2025 | down 42.7% | rising |
| 84 | Moldova | 24.2% | 2025 | up 0.5% | falling |
| 85 | Honduras | 24.2% | 2025 | down 3.8% | rising |
| 86 | Madagascar | 24.1% | 2025 | up 51.0% | volatile |
| 87 | Chile | 24.1% | 2025 | down 6.0% | rising |
| 88 | Latvia | 24.1% | 2025 | down 0.4% | falling |
| 89 | Zambia | 23.8% | 2024 | down 30.2% | falling |
| 90 | Austria | 23.7% | 2025 | down 1.5% | falling |
| 91 | Serbia | 23.4% | 2025 | up 26.3% | rising |
| 92 | Norway | 23.2% | 2025 | down 9.2% | falling |
| 93 | Sierra Leone | 23.2% | 2025 | up 28.4% | volatile |
| 94 | Canada | 23.2% | 2025 | down 2.8% | flat |
| 95 | New Zealand | 23.1% | 2024 | down 0.2% | falling |
| 96 | Ireland | 22.9% | 2025 | down 12.1% | rising |
| 97 | Uganda | 22.6% | 2025 | down 5.1% | rising |
| 98 | Mexico | 22.6% | 2025 | down 4.7% | rising |
| 99 | Singapore | 22.5% | 2025 | down 11.3% | falling |
| 100 | Togo | 22.4% | 2023 | up 1.2% | flat |
| 101 | Italy | 22.2% | 2025 | up 28.7% | falling |
| 102 | Lithuania | 22.2% | 2025 | down 1.4% | falling |
| 103 | Hungary | 22.2% | 2025 | down 7.1% | rising |
| 104 | Philippines | 22.1% | 2025 | up 3.7% | rising |
| 105 | Denmark | 22.1% | 2025 | up 7.7% | falling |
| 106 | New Caledonia | 22.1% | 2024 | down 37.9% | rising |
| 107 | Thailand | 22.1% | 2025 | down 1.3% | rising |
| 108 | Slovenia | 22.0% | 2025 | up 13.1% | falling |
| 109 | Niger | 22.0% | 2025 | down 32.1% | rising |
| 110 | France | 21.9% | 2025 | up 1.0% | falling |
| 111 | Germany | 21.9% | 2025 | up 12.5% | falling |
| 112 | French Polynesia | 21.9% | 2024 | up 15.6% | flat |
| 113 | Finland | 21.9% | 2025 | down 0.0% | falling |
| 114 | Bulgaria | 21.7% | 2025 | up 3.4% | falling |
| 115 | United States | 21.5% | 2024 | up 3.0% | falling |
| 116 | Spain | 21.4% | 2025 | up 10.5% | falling |
| 117 | Georgia | 21.3% | 2025 | down 20.8% | falling |
| 118 | Marshall Islands | 21.1% | 2024 | up 3.2% | flat |
| 119 | Portugal | 21.0% | 2025 | up 32.0% | falling |
| 120 | Ecuador | 20.9% | 2025 | down 7.7% | flat |
| 121 | Fiji | 20.9% | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 122 | Ukraine | 20.8% | 2025 | up 30.4% | falling |
| 123 | Malaysia | 20.5% | 2025 | down 19.5% | rising |
| 124 | Chad | 20.4% | 2025 | down 11.1% | volatile |
| 125 | Peru | 20.3% | 2025 | down 16.3% | falling |
| 126 | Ethiopia | 20.1% | 2025 | down 50.5% | volatile |
| 127 | Slovakia | 20.1% | 2025 | down 22.1% | falling |
| 128 | Mali | 20.0% | 2025 | down 19.6% | rising |
| 129 | Papua New Guinea | 20.0% | 2004 | down 6.4% | flat |
| 130 | Mauritius | 19.9% | 2025 | up 15.2% | falling |
| 131 | Netherlands | 19.8% | 2025 | down 10.6% | falling |
| 132 | Belize | 19.8% | 2024 | up 15.7% | falling |
| 133 | United Kingdom | 19.7% | 2025 | up 6.6% | falling |
| 134 | Solomon Islands | 19.5% | 2024 | up 54.0% | volatile |
| 135 | Cameroon | 19.3% | 2025 | up 6.0% | flat |
| 136 | Cote d'Ivoire | 19.3% | 2025 | down 17.5% | flat |
| 137 | Cyprus | 19.3% | 2025 | up 44.6% | falling |
| 138 | Iraq | 19.1% | 2024 | up 5.1% | volatile |
| 139 | Trinidad and Tobago | 19.0% | 2023 | down 8.6% | falling |
| 140 | Azerbaijan | 18.9% | 2025 | down 32.3% | falling |
| 141 | Seychelles | 18.7% | 2025 | down 30.4% | falling |
| 142 | Malta | 18.7% | 2025 | down 20.2% | falling |
| 143 | Namibia | 18.7% | 2025 | down 38.9% | rising |
| 144 | Hong Kong | 18.3% | 2025 | down 14.8% | falling |
| 145 | Bolivia | 17.9% | 2024 | down 14.7% | rising |
| 146 | Poland | 17.9% | 2025 | down 14.0% | falling |
| 147 | Cape Verde | 17.4% | 2025 | down 40.2% | falling |
| 148 | Greece | 17.2% | 2025 | up 43.6% | falling |
| 149 | Burkina Faso | 17.2% | 2025 | down 11.3% | rising |
| 150 | Afghanistan | 17.1% | 2024 | — | rising |
| 151 | Brazil | 17.1% | 2025 | down 1.9% | falling |
| 152 | Kenya | 17.0% | 2025 | down 23.3% | falling |
| 153 | Guatemala | 16.8% | 2025 | up 13.1% | rising |
| 154 | Colombia | 16.7% | 2025 | down 29.7% | rising |
| 155 | San Marino | 16.6% | 2023 | up 37.2% | rising |
| 156 | Uruguay | 16.2% | 2025 | down 17.9% | flat |
| 157 | Argentina | 16.1% | 2025 | down 5.6% | falling |
| 158 | Syria | 16.0% | 1969 | up 16.5% | flat |
| 159 | Costa Rica | 15.8% | 2025 | down 16.3% | falling |
| 160 | Malawi | 15.7% | 2025 | down 22.4% | falling |
| 161 | Luxembourg | 15.5% | 2025 | down 18.2% | falling |
| 162 | Tunisia | 15.2% | 2025 | down 29.9% | falling |
| 163 | Kuwait | 15.1% | 2024 | down 7.3% | rising |
| 164 | Eswatini | 15.0% | 2024 | down 23.7% | rising |
| 165 | Pakistan | 14.3% | 2025 | down 9.7% | falling |
| 166 | Libya | 14.3% | 2025 | down 17.9% | rising |
| 167 | Puerto Rico | 14.2% | 2025 | up 65.5% | falling |
| 168 | South Africa | 13.9% | 2025 | down 25.6% | falling |
| 169 | Egypt | 12.9% | 2025 | down 9.8% | falling |
| 170 | Eritrea | 12.6% | 2011 | down 64.2% | falling |
| 171 | Macao | 12.3% | 2025 | down 51.8% | falling |
| 172 | Haiti | 12.1% | 2025 | down 13.7% | falling |
| 173 | Comoros | 11.8% | 2025 | down 13.1% | falling |
| 174 | Bermuda | 11.0% | 2024 | down 8.7% | flat |
| 175 | Angola | 10.6% | 2024 | down 63.2% | volatile |
| 176 | Ghana | 9.9% | 2024 | down 63.6% | rising |
| 177 | Central African Republic | 9.3% | 2025 | down 57.3% | rising |
| 178 | Zimbabwe | 8.8% | 2024 | down 8.2% | falling |
| 179 | Sao Tome and Principe | 8.7% | 2025 | down 39.9% | falling |
| 180 | Yemen | 6.2% | 2018 | down 59.9% | falling |
| 181 | Venezuela | 5.9% | 2025 | down 69.5% | volatile |
| 182 | South Sudan | 5.8% | 2015 | down 58.2% | falling |
| 183 | Djibouti | 1.6% | 2025 | up 139.3% | volatile |
| 184 | Lebanon | 1.4% | 2024 | down 94.2% | falling |
| 185 | Sudan | 0.7% | 2025 | down 94.3% | falling |
| 186 | Equatorial Guinea | -3.7% | 2025 | down 114.9% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Kosovo 34.6%
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 38.6%
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 38.6%
- East Asia & Pacific 34.8%
- South Asia 33.8%
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 33.8%
- Upper middle income 33.7%
- Late-demographic dividend 33.6%
- Middle income 33.4%
- Low & middle income 33.2%
- IBRD only 32.4%
- IDA & IBRD total 32.3%
About this data
Gross capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for purposes of fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.