External debt stocks (% of GNI) by country
Total external debt stocks to gross national income. Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes...
What the numbers show
External debt stocks (% of GNI) is currently reported for 120 countries. The highest value is 350.6% in Mozambique; the lowest is 2.2% in Iran.
The median across all reporting countries is 43.9%, and the mean is 54.6%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 158.
Over the past decade 74 countries rose and 46 fell. The largest increase was in Nigeria (up 614.0%), and the largest decrease in Haiti (down 72.8%).
External debt stocks: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mozambique | 350.6% | 2024 | up 80.2% | volatile |
| 2 | Lebanon | 331.6% | 2023 | up 149.1% | volatile |
| 3 | Mongolia | 181.9% | 2024 | down 9.9% | volatile |
| 4 | Senegal | 150.7% | 2024 | up 172.0% | volatile |
| 5 | Suriname | 129.1% | 2023 | up 157.6% | rising |
| 6 | Mauritius | 123.2% | 2024 | up 29.9% | volatile |
| 7 | Laos | 115.4% | 2024 | up 55.3% | falling |
| 8 | Bhutan | 114.5% | 2023 | up 28.0% | volatile |
| 9 | Zambia | 114.2% | 2024 | up 214.6% | volatile |
| 10 | Montenegro | 108.6% | 2024 | down 25.2% | rising |
| 11 | Ukraine | 101.3% | 2024 | up 4.7% | volatile |
| 12 | Rwanda | 93.9% | 2024 | up 159.7% | volatile |
| 13 | Jordan | 90.1% | 2024 | up 36.1% | volatile |
| 14 | Cape Verde | 86.9% | 2024 | down 8.6% | rising |
| 15 | Djibouti | 83.8% | 2024 | up 95.3% | rising |
| 16 | Nicaragua | 82.8% | 2024 | down 13.7% | volatile |
| 17 | Dominica | 82.4% | 2024 | down 5.0% | rising |
| 18 | North Macedonia | 81.2% | 2024 | up 35.2% | rising |
| 19 | Georgia | 79.7% | 2024 | up 0.2% | rising |
| 20 | Angola | 79.6% | 2024 | up 121.3% | volatile |
| 21 | Tunisia | 77.7% | 2024 | up 36.7% | rising |
| 22 | Jamaica | 76.1% | 2024 | down 26.5% | rising |
| 23 | Maldives | 75.6% | 2024 | up 129.3% | volatile |
| 24 | El Salvador | 75.4% | 2024 | up 7.1% | rising |
| 25 | Fiji | 71.4% | 2024 | up 130.7% | volatile |
| 26 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 70.3% | 2024 | up 45.4% | volatile |
| 27 | Paraguay | 69.7% | 2024 | up 56.5% | rising |
| 28 | Kyrgyzstan | 69.2% | 2024 | down 32.0% | rising |
| 29 | Grenada | 68.6% | 2024 | down 11.0% | rising |
| 30 | Guinea-Bissau | 67.1% | 2024 | up 101.2% | volatile |
| 31 | Benin | 66.6% | 2024 | up 141.3% | rising |
| 32 | Gambia | 66.4% | 2024 | up 42.7% | volatile |
| 33 | Armenia | 66.0% | 2024 | down 6.4% | rising |
| 34 | Lesotho | 65.4% | 2024 | up 94.9% | volatile |
| 35 | Kazakhstan | 62.6% | 2024 | down 22.4% | rising |
| 36 | Serbia | 62.2% | 2024 | down 8.2% | flat |
| 37 | Uzbekistan | 60.5% | 2024 | up 305.9% | volatile |
| 38 | Nigeria | 60.0% | 2024 | up 614.0% | volatile |
| 39 | Sri Lanka | 58.9% | 2024 | up 12.5% | rising |
| 40 | Moldova | 57.1% | 2024 | down 0.1% | rising |
| 41 | Bulgaria | 55.1% | 2022 | down 42.6% | rising |
| 42 | Eritrea | 51.5% | 2011 | down 10.8% | volatile |
| 43 | Saint Lucia | 51.3% | 2024 | up 57.0% | rising |
| 44 | Liberia | 50.5% | 2024 | up 114.1% | volatile |
| 45 | Ecuador | 49.7% | 2024 | up 101.5% | volatile |
| 46 | Colombia | 49.2% | 2024 | up 74.1% | rising |
| 47 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 49.2% | 2024 | down 30.0% | rising |
| 48 | Cote d'Ivoire | 48.8% | 2024 | up 138.7% | volatile |
| 49 | Burkina Faso | 48.8% | 2024 | down 36.9% | volatile |
| 50 | Tanzania | 47.3% | 2024 | up 42.8% | falling |
| 51 | Burundi | 47.1% | 2024 | up 84.0% | volatile |
| 52 | Ghana | 46.9% | 2024 | down 14.7% | rising |
| 53 | Belarus | 46.1% | 2024 | down 11.8% | volatile |
| 54 | Cambodia | 46.1% | 2024 | up 17.0% | rising |
| 55 | Belize | 46.0% | 2024 | down 28.4% | volatile |
| 56 | Sudan | 45.4% | 2024 | up 0.4% | volatile |
| 57 | Dominican Republic | 45.3% | 2024 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 58 | Congo | 44.9% | 2024 | up 42.6% | volatile |
| 59 | South Africa | 44.8% | 2024 | up 11.6% | rising |
| 60 | Morocco | 44.7% | 2024 | up 20.5% | falling |
| 61 | Togo | 43.2% | 2024 | up 169.6% | volatile |
| 62 | Sao Tome and Principe | 42.7% | 2024 | down 37.6% | volatile |
| 63 | Egypt | 42.0% | 2024 | up 199.8% | volatile |
| 64 | Papua New Guinea | 41.9% | 2024 | down 53.2% | rising |
| 65 | Mauritania | 41.8% | 2024 | down 41.5% | falling |
| 66 | Honduras | 41.8% | 2024 | up 3.0% | flat |
| 67 | Albania | 39.7% | 2024 | down 37.4% | rising |
| 68 | Turkey | 39.4% | 2024 | down 11.4% | rising |
| 69 | Uganda | 39.2% | 2024 | up 44.4% | volatile |
| 70 | Madagascar | 39.2% | 2024 | up 61.7% | volatile |
| 71 | Vanuatu | 39.2% | 2024 | up 51.4% | rising |
| 72 | Argentina | 39.1% | 2024 | up 30.9% | volatile |
| 74 | Samoa | 37.6% | 2024 | down 40.4% | rising |
| 75 | Thailand | 37.5% | 2024 | down 1.4% | rising |
| 76 | Tajikistan | 37.4% | 2024 | down 17.6% | volatile |
| 77 | Gabon | 36.0% | 2024 | up 33.5% | falling |
| 78 | Central African Republic | 35.9% | 2024 | down 3.7% | volatile |
| 79 | Pakistan | 35.6% | 2024 | up 48.2% | falling |
| 80 | Tonga | 35.4% | 2023 | down 17.8% | rising |
| 81 | Malawi | 35.2% | 2024 | up 83.4% | volatile |
| 82 | Kenya | 35.0% | 2024 | up 25.3% | falling |
| 83 | Peru | 34.2% | 2024 | down 3.4% | falling |
| 84 | Solomon Islands | 33.8% | 2024 | up 138.2% | falling |
| 85 | Yemen | 33.5% | 2018 | up 34.5% | volatile |
| 86 | Zimbabwe | 33.0% | 2024 | down 29.4% | volatile |
| 87 | Mexico | 32.9% | 2024 | down 19.5% | rising |
| 88 | Bolivia | 32.5% | 2024 | up 14.6% | falling |
| 89 | Cameroon | 31.3% | 2024 | up 93.7% | volatile |
| 90 | Sierra Leone | 31.1% | 2024 | up 58.6% | volatile |
| 91 | Indonesia | 31.0% | 2024 | down 8.9% | falling |
| 92 | Vietnam | 28.8% | 2024 | down 13.3% | volatile |
| 93 | Brazil | 28.7% | 2024 | up 24.0% | flat |
| 94 | Eswatini | 27.8% | 2024 | up 111.7% | falling |
| 95 | Niger | 27.5% | 2024 | up 55.9% | volatile |
| 96 | Philippines | 26.3% | 2024 | up 10.7% | falling |
| 97 | Syria | 25.3% | 2023 | up 8.6% | rising |
| 98 | Mali | 24.9% | 2024 | up 17.3% | volatile |
| 99 | Comoros | 24.8% | 2024 | up 109.3% | falling |
| 100 | Ethiopia | 24.3% | 2022 | up 0.2% | volatile |
| 101 | Guatemala | 24.2% | 2024 | down 30.0% | rising |
| 102 | Nepal | 23.3% | 2024 | up 34.9% | volatile |
| 103 | Guinea | 23.2% | 2024 | up 7.9% | volatile |
| 104 | Guyana | 22.6% | 2024 | down 59.8% | volatile |
| 105 | Bangladesh | 22.3% | 2024 | up 16.4% | falling |
| 106 | Afghanistan | 19.9% | 2023 | up 55.3% | rising |
| 107 | India | 18.6% | 2024 | down 18.2% | rising |
| 108 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 18.3% | 2024 | up 6.4% | volatile |
| 109 | Azerbaijan | 17.0% | 2024 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 110 | Russia | 16.8% | 2022 | down 39.4% | falling |
| 111 | Chad | 16.4% | 2024 | down 22.8% | volatile |
| 112 | East Timor | 15.4% | 2024 | up 391.7% | volatile |
| 113 | Myanmar | 15.3% | 2024 | down 4.9% | volatile |
| 114 | Somalia | 14.9% | 2024 | down 70.0% | volatile |
| 115 | China | 13.0% | 2024 | down 21.9% | rising |
| 116 | Botswana | 11.9% | 2024 | down 28.2% | volatile |
| 117 | Iraq | 6.2% | 2024 | down 46.2% | falling |
| 118 | Turkmenistan | 5.2% | 2024 | down 71.9% | volatile |
| 119 | Haiti | 3.7% | 2024 | down 72.8% | falling |
| 120 | Algeria | 2.7% | 2024 | up 13.3% | volatile |
| 121 | Iran | 2.2% | 2024 | up 76.7% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Kosovo 38.6%
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 49.7%
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 49.2%
- Low income 42.2%
- IDA only 40.8%
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 34.5%
- Lower middle income 30.1%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 27.3%
- Low & middle income 23.4%
- Middle income 23.1%
- Upper middle income 21.3%
- South Asia 20.0%
About this data
Total external debt stocks to gross national income. Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad.