Employment in services, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) by country
Employment is defined as persons of working age who were engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit, whether at work during the reference period or not at work due to temporary absence from a job, or to working-time arrangement. The services sector consists of wholesale and...
Countries reporting
186
Highest
98.2%
Djibouti
Lowest
3.7%
Afghanistan
Median
74.1%
Years covered
35
1991–2025
Data points
8,176
What the numbers show
Employment in services, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) is currently reported for 186 countries. The highest value is 98.2% in Djibouti; the lowest is 3.7% in Afghanistan.
The median across all reporting countries is 74.1%, and the mean is 67.0%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 26.
Over the past decade 142 countries rose and 44 fell. The largest increase was in Rwanda (up 65.4%), and the largest decrease in Afghanistan (down 81.3%).
Employment in services, female (% of female employment): full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Djibouti | 98.2% | 2025 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 2 | Luxembourg | 97.2% | 2025 | up 2.3% | rising |
| 3 | Qatar | 96.1% | 2025 | up 2.2% | flat |
| 4 | Macao | 96.0% | 2025 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 5 | Bahamas | 95.7% | 2025 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 6 | Hong Kong | 95.6% | 2025 | down 0.0% | rising |
| 7 | French Polynesia | 94.5% | 2025 | up 0.7% | flat |
| 8 | Cyprus | 93.5% | 2025 | up 1.9% | rising |
| 9 | Netherlands | 93.4% | 2025 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 10 | Jordan | 93.3% | 2025 | up 2.6% | rising |
| 11 | Kuwait | 93.1% | 2025 | down 1.1% | falling |
| 12 | Israel | 92.8% | 2025 | up 1.5% | rising |
| 13 | Lebanon | 92.4% | 2023 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 14 | United States Virgin Islands | 92.3% | 2025 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 15 | United Kingdom | 92.3% | 2025 | up 0.7% | rising |
| 16 | Barbados | 92.3% | 2025 | up 4.2% | rising |
| 17 | Sweden | 92.2% | 2025 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 18 | Puerto Rico | 91.9% | 2025 | up 1.1% | rising |
| 19 | Norway | 91.8% | 2025 | down 0.3% | rising |
| 20 | Malta | 91.8% | 2025 | up 0.6% | rising |
| 21 | Saint Lucia | 91.7% | 2025 | up 3.1% | rising |
| 22 | Bahrain | 91.5% | 2025 | up 0.8% | flat |
| 23 | Belgium | 91.3% | 2025 | up 0.5% | rising |
| 24 | United Arab Emirates | 91.3% | 2025 | down 1.0% | rising |
| 25 | Guam | 91.1% | 2025 | up 0.8% | rising |
| 26 | New Caledonia | 91.0% | 2025 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 27 | Iceland | 90.9% | 2025 | down 0.4% | rising |
| 28 | United States | 90.8% | 2025 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 29 | Dominican Republic | 90.8% | 2025 | up 1.4% | rising |
| 30 | Canada | 90.7% | 2025 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 31 | Australia | 90.4% | 2025 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 32 | Denmark | 90.1% | 2025 | up 0.8% | rising |
| 33 | Singapore | 90.0% | 2025 | up 3.3% | rising |
| 34 | Ireland | 89.6% | 2025 | down 0.3% | rising |
| 35 | Finland | 89.5% | 2025 | up 0.2% | rising |
| 36 | Saudi Arabia | 89.5% | 2025 | down 8.0% | falling |
| 37 | France | 89.0% | 2025 | up 0.0% | rising |
| 38 | Spain | 88.9% | 2025 | down 0.3% | rising |
| 39 | Libya | 88.9% | 2025 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 40 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 88.9% | 2025 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 41 | Switzerland | 88.7% | 2025 | up 1.8% | rising |
| 42 | Montenegro | 88.3% | 2025 | up 5.5% | rising |
| 43 | Brunei | 88.0% | 2025 | down 1.8% | flat |
| 44 | Uruguay | 87.7% | 2025 | up 1.9% | rising |
| 45 | Argentina | 86.7% | 2025 | down 0.9% | rising |
| 46 | Venezuela | 86.6% | 2025 | down 1.1% | rising |
| 47 | Germany | 86.4% | 2025 | up 1.5% | rising |
| 48 | New Zealand | 86.4% | 2025 | up 0.5% | rising |
| 49 | Chile | 86.3% | 2025 | up 1.1% | rising |
| 50 | Brazil | 86.3% | 2025 | up 3.3% | rising |
| 51 | Jamaica | 86.3% | 2025 | up 0.2% | rising |
| 52 | Austria | 85.8% | 2025 | up 2.5% | rising |
| 53 | Mauritius | 85.5% | 2025 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 54 | Belize | 85.5% | 2025 | down 2.1% | flat |
| 55 | Syria | 85.2% | 2025 | up 2.3% | rising |
| 56 | Estonia | 84.9% | 2025 | up 6.5% | rising |
| 57 | South Africa | 84.6% | 2025 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 58 | Latvia | 84.5% | 2025 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 59 | Italy | 84.5% | 2025 | up 0.2% | rising |
| 60 | Japan | 84.3% | 2025 | up 2.6% | rising |
| 61 | Trinidad and Tobago | 83.9% | 2025 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 62 | Cape Verde | 83.8% | 2025 | up 5.1% | rising |
| 63 | Suriname | 83.8% | 2025 | down 0.1% | falling |
| 64 | Oman | 83.7% | 2025 | down 11.0% | flat |
| 65 | Botswana | 83.7% | 2025 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 66 | South Korea | 83.5% | 2025 | up 3.0% | rising |
| 67 | Portugal | 83.1% | 2025 | up 0.6% | rising |
| 68 | Palestine | 82.9% | 2022 | up 25.4% | rising |
| 69 | Cuba | 82.7% | 2025 | up 2.4% | rising |
| 70 | Greece | 82.6% | 2025 | up 3.0% | rising |
| 71 | Croatia | 82.6% | 2025 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 72 | Russia | 82.4% | 2025 | up 4.5% | rising |
| 73 | Costa Rica | 82.1% | 2025 | up 1.8% | rising |
| 74 | Lithuania | 81.8% | 2025 | up 6.4% | rising |
| 75 | Colombia | 80.8% | 2025 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 76 | Paraguay | 80.7% | 2025 | up 5.9% | rising |
| 77 | Panama | 79.9% | 2025 | down 2.9% | falling |
| 78 | El Salvador | 79.7% | 2025 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 79 | Kazakhstan | 79.4% | 2025 | up 11.4% | rising |
| 80 | Slovakia | 79.3% | 2025 | up 3.0% | rising |
| 81 | Hungary | 79.1% | 2025 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 82 | Mexico | 78.5% | 2025 | down 0.6% | rising |
| 83 | Honduras | 78.5% | 2025 | up 8.1% | rising |
| 84 | Poland | 78.5% | 2025 | up 7.3% | rising |
| 85 | Slovenia | 78.4% | 2025 | up 2.3% | rising |
| 86 | Guyana | 78.2% | 2025 | down 2.0% | rising |
| 87 | Nicaragua | 78.1% | 2025 | up 1.7% | flat |
| 88 | Bulgaria | 77.7% | 2025 | up 6.9% | rising |
| 89 | Malaysia | 77.6% | 2025 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 90 | Czechia | 77.5% | 2025 | up 3.8% | rising |
| 91 | Philippines | 77.4% | 2025 | up 7.0% | rising |
| 92 | Iraq | 74.5% | 2025 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 93 | Ukraine | 74.1% | 2021 | up 5.2% | rising |
| 94 | Belarus | 74.0% | 2025 | up 1.5% | rising |
| 95 | Samoa | 74.0% | 2025 | up 0.7% | rising |
| 96 | Egypt | 73.7% | 2025 | up 36.0% | rising |
| 97 | Algeria | 71.6% | 2025 | down 3.4% | rising |
| 98 | Namibia | 70.9% | 2025 | up 0.8% | rising |
| 99 | Romania | 69.5% | 2025 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 100 | Maldives | 69.5% | 2025 | down 8.7% | rising |
| 101 | Peru | 69.1% | 2025 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 102 | North Macedonia | 68.0% | 2025 | up 17.2% | rising |
| 103 | Kyrgyzstan | 67.7% | 2025 | up 9.4% | rising |
| 104 | Sao Tome and Principe | 67.6% | 2025 | up 1.3% | rising |
| 105 | Eswatini | 66.3% | 2025 | up 2.7% | rising |
| 106 | Guatemala | 65.5% | 2025 | down 9.9% | rising |
| 107 | Gabon | 65.3% | 2025 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 108 | Turkey | 64.5% | 2025 | up 18.9% | rising |
| 109 | Serbia | 63.7% | 2025 | up 7.1% | rising |
| 110 | Bolivia | 63.3% | 2025 | up 9.7% | rising |
| 111 | Haiti | 62.9% | 2025 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 112 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 62.8% | 2025 | down 3.0% | rising |
| 113 | Iran | 62.0% | 2025 | up 12.8% | rising |
| 114 | Mongolia | 61.5% | 2025 | up 15.3% | rising |
| 115 | Mauritania | 60.5% | 2025 | up 7.5% | rising |
| 116 | Tonga | 60.4% | 2025 | up 23.6% | rising |
| 117 | Ecuador | 60.2% | 2025 | down 10.0% | falling |
| 118 | Nigeria | 59.9% | 2025 | up 6.5% | rising |
| 119 | Tunisia | 59.9% | 2025 | up 4.7% | rising |
| 120 | Armenia | 58.9% | 2025 | up 12.5% | rising |
| 121 | Papua New Guinea | 58.7% | 2025 | down 17.0% | falling |
| 122 | Indonesia | 58.7% | 2025 | up 11.5% | rising |
| 123 | Senegal | 58.7% | 2025 | down 11.0% | rising |
| 124 | Turkmenistan | 58.4% | 2025 | up 9.8% | rising |
| 125 | Uzbekistan | 57.7% | 2025 | down 6.5% | rising |
| 126 | Fiji | 57.4% | 2025 | up 9.5% | falling |
| 127 | China | 56.5% | 2025 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 128 | Thailand | 56.3% | 2025 | up 14.1% | rising |
| 129 | Gambia | 56.2% | 2025 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 130 | Ghana | 56.0% | 2025 | up 31.9% | rising |
| 131 | Georgia | 55.6% | 2025 | up 24.0% | rising |
| 132 | Comoros | 55.5% | 2025 | up 16.7% | rising |
| 133 | Azerbaijan | 54.1% | 2025 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 134 | Solomon Islands | 53.1% | 2025 | down 1.9% | flat |
| 135 | Liberia | 51.9% | 2025 | down 2.8% | rising |
| 136 | East Timor | 51.9% | 2025 | up 21.0% | rising |
| 137 | Somalia | 50.9% | 2025 | down 4.9% | rising |
| 138 | Sierra Leone | 50.0% | 2025 | up 17.3% | rising |
| 139 | Sri Lanka | 49.9% | 2025 | up 18.1% | rising |
| 140 | Vanuatu | 49.4% | 2025 | up 16.6% | rising |
| 141 | Albania | 48.0% | 2025 | up 25.7% | rising |
| 142 | Benin | 47.2% | 2025 | down 7.2% | rising |
| 143 | Sudan | 47.0% | 2022 | up 14.3% | rising |
| 144 | Rwanda | 46.6% | 2025 | up 65.4% | rising |
| 145 | Nepal | 46.5% | 2025 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 146 | Cote d'Ivoire | 46.4% | 2025 | down 4.5% | rising |
| 147 | Morocco | 46.1% | 2025 | up 39.4% | rising |
| 148 | Togo | 45.5% | 2025 | down 13.0% | flat |
| 149 | Ethiopia | 45.1% | 2025 | up 38.5% | rising |
| 150 | Congo | 45.1% | 2025 | up 5.9% | rising |
| 151 | Yemen | 45.0% | 2025 | up 16.6% | volatile |
| 152 | Vietnam | 44.7% | 2025 | up 26.8% | rising |
| 153 | Lesotho | 44.5% | 2025 | down 4.3% | falling |
| 154 | Myanmar | 44.4% | 2025 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 155 | Cameroon | 43.1% | 2025 | up 16.2% | rising |
| 156 | Angola | 42.4% | 2025 | up 9.6% | falling |
| 157 | Kenya | 42.1% | 2025 | up 13.7% | rising |
| 158 | Guinea | 41.3% | 2025 | up 13.7% | rising |
| 159 | Moldova | 41.1% | 2025 | up 20.3% | falling |
| 160 | Equatorial Guinea | 39.2% | 2025 | down 1.4% | rising |
| 161 | Cambodia | 38.6% | 2025 | up 24.3% | rising |
| 162 | Zambia | 38.4% | 2025 | up 35.2% | volatile |
| 163 | Bhutan | 38.0% | 2025 | up 56.3% | rising |
| 164 | Zimbabwe | 35.4% | 2025 | up 31.2% | falling |
| 165 | Eritrea | 34.6% | 2025 | up 6.7% | flat |
| 166 | South Sudan | 33.3% | 2023 | down 5.1% | flat |
| 167 | Burkina Faso | 31.7% | 2025 | up 12.2% | rising |
| 168 | Tajikistan | 31.7% | 2025 | up 10.7% | rising |
| 169 | Mali | 31.5% | 2025 | down 1.5% | rising |
| 170 | Tanzania | 29.0% | 2025 | up 5.2% | rising |
| 171 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 28.2% | 2025 | up 5.7% | rising |
| 172 | Guinea-Bissau | 27.2% | 2025 | up 5.4% | flat |
| 173 | Laos | 25.9% | 2025 | up 17.9% | rising |
| 174 | Uganda | 25.6% | 2025 | up 28.5% | rising |
| 175 | Malawi | 24.2% | 2025 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 176 | India | 24.0% | 2025 | down 1.6% | rising |
| 177 | Madagascar | 22.4% | 2025 | up 31.2% | rising |
| 178 | North Korea | 21.8% | 2025 | up 1.5% | rising |
| 179 | Central African Republic | 19.4% | 2025 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 180 | Chad | 19.4% | 2025 | down 5.1% | rising |
| 181 | Pakistan | 18.8% | 2025 | up 39.6% | falling |
| 182 | Mozambique | 17.0% | 2025 | up 10.4% | rising |
| 183 | Bangladesh | 16.3% | 2025 | down 23.8% | rising |
| 184 | Niger | 10.3% | 2025 | down 29.2% | falling |
| 185 | Burundi | 6.3% | 2025 | up 22.7% | rising |
| 186 | Afghanistan | 3.7% | 2025 | down 81.3% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Channel Islands 95.2%
- North America 90.8%
- Post-demographic dividend 88.1%
- Euro area 87.1%
- High income 87.0%
- OECD members 86.1%
- Caribbean small states 86.0%
- European Union 85.5%
- Europe & Central Asia 81.6%
- Latin America & Caribbean 81.0%
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 80.9%
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 80.7%
About this data
Employment is defined as persons of working age who were engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit, whether at work during the reference period or not at work due to temporary absence from a job, or to working-time arrangement. The services sector consists of wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services, in accordance with divisions 6-9 (ISIC 2) or categories G-Q (ISIC 3) or categories G-U (ISIC 4).