Discrepancy in expenditure estimate of GDP (constant LCU) by country
Although the SNA ensures there is perfect consistency between the three measures of GDP, this is a conceptual consistency that in general does not emerge naturally from data compilations. This is because of the wide disparity of data sources that must be called on and the fact that any error in any source will lead...
Countries reporting
152
Highest
234.87 trillion constant LCU
Indonesia
Lowest
-30.95 trillion constant LCU
Vietnam
Median
0 constant LCU
Years covered
66
1960–2025
Data points
3,061
What the numbers show
Discrepancy in expenditure estimate of GDP (constant LCU) is currently reported for 152 countries. The highest value is 234.87 trillion constant LCU in Indonesia; the lowest is -30.95 trillion constant LCU in Vietnam.
The median across all reporting countries is 0 constant LCU, and the mean is 1.45 trillion constant LCU.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 8.
Over the past decade 43 countries rose and 41 fell. The largest increase was in Angola (up 14,867,200,000,000.0%), and the largest decrease in Mexico (down 9,209,730,000.0%).
Discrepancy in expenditure estimate of GDP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Indonesia | 234.87 trillion constant LCU | 2025 | up 285.3% | volatile |
| 2 | Iraq | 21.03 trillion constant LCU | 2024 | up 52.1% | volatile |
| 3 | Angola | 16.86 trillion constant LCU | 2025 | up 14,867,200,000,000.0% | volatile |
| 4 | Colombia | 1.60 trillion constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 5 | Chile | 1.60 trillion constant LCU | 2025 | up 100,688,000.0% | volatile |
| 6 | Cambodia | 1.42 trillion constant LCU | 2025 | up 654.2% | volatile |
| 7 | Bangladesh | 571.24 billion constant LCU | 2025 | up 426.9% | rising |
| 8 | Nepal | 257.94 billion constant LCU | 2025 | up 118.2% | volatile |
| 9 | Kenya | 159.47 billion constant LCU | 2025 | up 14,497,600.0% | volatile |
| 10 | Mongolia | 156.28 billion constant LCU | 2025 | up 6,511,570,000.0% | volatile |
| 11 | Ethiopia | 154.16 billion constant LCU | 2025 | up 127.3% | volatile |
| 12 | Ukraine | 113.56 billion constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 13 | Romania | 66.04 billion constant LCU | 2025 | up 504.2% | volatile |
| 14 | Serbia | 36.67 billion constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 15 | Burkina Faso | 35.61 billion constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 16 | United Arab Emirates | 31.35 billion constant LCU | 2023 | down 56.6% | volatile |
| 17 | Kyrgyzstan | 24.52 billion constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 18 | Brazil | 17.27 billion constant LCU | 2025 | up 150.8% | volatile |
| 19 | Poland | 15.72 billion constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 20 | Morocco | 12.47 billion constant LCU | 2025 | up 2,441,810.0% | volatile |
| 21 | Niger | 12.44 billion constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 22 | Dominican Republic | 10.57 billion constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 23 | Guatemala | 8.66 billion constant LCU | 2025 | up 13,888.8% | volatile |
| 24 | North Macedonia | 5.24 billion constant LCU | 2025 | up 394.5% | volatile |
| 25 | Nicaragua | 4.66 billion constant LCU | 2025 | up 158.5% | volatile |
| 26 | Tajikistan | 3.74 billion constant LCU | 2024 | up 76.4% | volatile |
| 27 | Singapore | 3.62 billion constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 28 | Cape Verde | 2.09 billion constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 29 | Moldova | 1.98 billion constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 30 | Comoros | 1.89 billion constant LCU | 2025 | up 132.9% | volatile |
| 31 | Gambia | 1.00 billion constant LCU | 2025 | up 50.3% | volatile |
| 32 | Georgia | 858.50 million constant LCU | 2025 | up 302,388.0% | volatile |
| 33 | Solomon Islands | 818.02 million constant LCU | 2024 | up 79.5% | volatile |
| 34 | Yemen | 790.30 million constant LCU | 2018 | — | volatile |
| 35 | Sierra Leone | 604.83 million constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 36 | Ecuador | 568.91 million constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 37 | Ghana | 480.43 million constant LCU | 2024 | up 480,426,000.0% | volatile |
| 38 | Croatia | 368.05 million constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 39 | Bulgaria | 360.98 million constant LCU | 2025 | up 107.5% | volatile |
| 40 | Greenland | 274.00 million constant LCU | 2023 | up 101.6% | volatile |
| 41 | Mozambique | 229.85 million constant LCU | 2025 | up 1,853,520.0% | volatile |
| 42 | Albania | 141.96 million constant LCU | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 43 | Samoa | 85.38 million constant LCU | 2025 | up 423.9% | volatile |
| 44 | Panama | 67.98 million constant LCU | 2024 | up 236,760.0% | volatile |
| 45 | Venezuela | 61.30 million constant LCU | 2025 | up 3,065,330.0% | volatile |
| 46 | Bahrain | 43.22 million constant LCU | 2024 | up 382,606.0% | volatile |
| 47 | Eswatini | 40.49 million constant LCU | 2024 | up 40,487,400.0% | volatile |
| 48 | Libya | 21.70 million constant LCU | 2025 | down 98.8% | volatile |
| 49 | Bermuda | 6.95 million constant LCU | 2024 | up 103.8% | volatile |
| 50 | Kiribati | 6.50 million constant LCU | 2024 | up 1,172.7% | volatile |
| 51 | Canada | 2.35 million constant LCU | 2025 | up 21.6% | rising |
| 52 | Marshall Islands | 2.18 million constant LCU | 2024 | up 222.6% | volatile |
| 53 | Seychelles | 840,000 constant LCU | 2025 | up 840,100.0% | volatile |
| 54 | Equatorial Guinea | 474,200 constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 55 | Central African Republic | 382,600 constant LCU | 2025 | down 94.5% | volatile |
| 56 | Oman | 94,000 constant LCU | 2024 | up 147.0% | volatile |
| 57 | Chad | 18,500 constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 58 | Gabon | 13,700 constant LCU | 2025 | up 13,600.0% | volatile |
| 59 | Namibia | 10,742 constant LCU | 2025 | up 637.1% | volatile |
| 60 | Pakistan | 0.5195 constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 61 | Sri Lanka | 0.3896 constant LCU | 2025 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 62 | Senegal | 0.3203 constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 63 | Kuwait | 0.099 constant LCU | 2024 | up 100.1% | volatile |
| 64 | Paraguay | 0.0078 constant LCU | 2025 | down 50.0% | volatile |
| 65 | Bhutan | 0 constant LCU | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 66 | South Sudan | 0 constant LCU | 2015 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 67 | Austria | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 67 | Belgium | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 67 | Benin | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 67 | Switzerland | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 67 | Cuba | 0 constant LCU | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 67 | Czechia | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | Germany | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | Djibouti | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 67 | Denmark | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | Spain | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | Estonia | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | Finland | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | France | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | United Kingdom | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 67 | Greece | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | Honduras | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 67 | Hungary | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | Ireland | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | Iceland | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 67 | Israel | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 67 | Italy | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | Japan | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | Lithuania | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | Luxembourg | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | Latvia | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | Malawi | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | down 100.0% | falling |
| 67 | Netherlands | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 67 | Norway | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | Peru | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | Portugal | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | San Marino | 0 constant LCU | 2023 | — | volatile |
| 67 | Slovakia | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | Slovenia | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 67 | Sweden | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | flat |
| 67 | United States | 0 constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 102 | Philippines | -0.3682 constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 103 | East Timor | -51 constant LCU | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 104 | Maldives | -100 constant LCU | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 105 | Guinea-Bissau | -200 constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 106 | Malaysia | -1,000 constant LCU | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 106 | Uruguay | -1,000 constant LCU | 2025 | down 200.0% | volatile |
| 108 | Madagascar | -57,648 constant LCU | 2025 | up 92.7% | volatile |
| 109 | Lebanon | -57,700 constant LCU | 2024 | down 590,848,000.0% | volatile |
| 110 | Sudan | -132,607 constant LCU | 2025 | down 22,001.2% | volatile |
| 111 | Vanuatu | -1.00 million constant LCU | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 112 | Tanzania | -1.36 million constant LCU | 2025 | down 346.5% | volatile |
| 113 | Lesotho | -4.00 million constant LCU | 2025 | down 999,900.0% | volatile |
| 114 | Palau | -20.68 million constant LCU | 2024 | down 148.6% | volatile |
| 115 | Malta | -52.20 million constant LCU | 2025 | down 52,200,100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Bolivia | -56.17 million constant LCU | 2024 | down 56,172,700.0% | volatile |
| 117 | Montenegro | -98.97 million constant LCU | 2025 | down 19,183.8% | volatile |
| 118 | Cyprus | -110.64 million constant LCU | 2025 | down 332.3% | volatile |
| 119 | Tonga | -110.96 million constant LCU | 2024 | down 2,807.1% | volatile |
| 120 | Palestine | -118.60 million constant LCU | 2025 | down 566.9% | volatile |
| 121 | Belize | -190.11 million constant LCU | 2024 | down 16,467.5% | volatile |
| 123 | El Salvador | -287.69 million constant LCU | 2025 | down 304,217.0% | volatile |
| 124 | Cote d'Ivoire | -349.68 million constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 125 | Sao Tome and Principe | -389.87 million constant LCU | 2025 | down 519.9% | volatile |
| 126 | Bahamas | -413.80 million constant LCU | 2024 | down 142.6% | volatile |
| 127 | Brunei | -423.19 million constant LCU | 2025 | down 167.5% | volatile |
| 128 | Afghanistan | -473.86 million constant LCU | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 129 | Laos | -1,000.00 million constant LCU | 2016 | — | volatile |
| 130 | Tunisia | -1.11 billion constant LCU | 2025 | down 371,667.0% | volatile |
| 131 | New Zealand | -2.07 billion constant LCU | 2025 | down 134.5% | volatile |
| 132 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | -2.94 billion constant LCU | 2025 | — | falling |
| 133 | Azerbaijan | -3.08 billion constant LCU | 2012 | down 496.7% | volatile |
| 134 | Botswana | -5.67 billion constant LCU | 2024 | down 7,848,760.0% | volatile |
| 135 | Argentina | -7.05 billion constant LCU | 2025 | down 7,046,060,000.0% | volatile |
| 136 | South Africa | -8.54 billion constant LCU | 2025 | down 6,186,760.0% | volatile |
| 137 | Cameroon | -11.25 billion constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 138 | Iran | -17.06 billion constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 139 | Mauritius | -24.78 billion constant LCU | 2025 | down 268.7% | volatile |
| 140 | Mexico | -92.10 billion constant LCU | 2025 | down 9,209,730,000.0% | volatile |
| 141 | Mali | -101.05 billion constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 142 | Togo | -109.89 billion constant LCU | 2023 | — | volatile |
| 143 | Mauritania | -155.06 billion constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 144 | Armenia | -166.37 billion constant LCU | 2025 | down 645.2% | volatile |
| 145 | Congo | -550.36 billion constant LCU | 2025 | down 124.8% | volatile |
| 146 | Russia | -734.75 billion constant LCU | 2021 | down 4,539,550.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Algeria | -1.32 trillion constant LCU | 2025 | down 50.4% | volatile |
| 148 | South Korea | -1.52 trillion constant LCU | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 149 | Kazakhstan | -1.88 trillion constant LCU | 2024 | down 77.4% | falling |
| 150 | Democratic Republic of Congo | -3.60 trillion constant LCU | 2025 | down 324.4% | volatile |
| 151 | Guinea | -5.47 trillion constant LCU | 2025 | down 40.6% | falling |
| 152 | Uganda | -11.97 trillion constant LCU | 2025 | down 272,345,000.0% | volatile |
| 153 | Vietnam | -30.95 trillion constant LCU | 2025 | down 159.8% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Kosovo -268.68 million constant LCU
About this data
Although the SNA ensures there is perfect consistency between the three measures of GDP, this is a conceptual consistency that in general does not emerge naturally from data compilations. This is because of the wide disparity of data sources that must be called on and the fact that any error in any source will lead to a difference between at least two of the GDP measures. In practice it is inevitable that many such data errors will exist and will become apparent in exercises such as the balancing of supply and use tables. This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the underlying series have been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment varies by country.