Broad money to total reserves ratio by country
Broad money is the sum of all liquid financial instruments held by money-holding sectors that are widely accepted in an economy as a medium of exchange, plus those that can be converted into a medium of exchange at short notice at, or close to, their full nominal value. Reserve assets are external assets,...
Countries reporting
157
Highest
164.14
South Sudan
Lowest
0.2758
Libya
Median
3.05
Years covered
66
1960–2025
Data points
7,871
What the numbers show
Broad money to total reserves ratio is currently reported for 157 countries. The highest value is 164.14 in South Sudan; the lowest is 0.2758 in Libya.
The median across all reporting countries is 3.05, and the mean is 6.56.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 595.
Over the past decade 81 countries rose and 76 fell. The largest increase was in Bolivia (up 2,560.0%), and the largest decrease in Sierra Leone (down 99.8%).
Broad money to total reserves ratio: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | South Sudan | 164.14 | 2024 | up 2,461.0% | volatile |
| 2 | Bolivia | 64.32 | 2025 | up 2,560.0% | volatile |
| 3 | Sudan | 54.43 | 2017 | up 666.6% | volatile |
| 4 | Canada | 43.41 | 2008 | up 121.0% | volatile |
| 5 | Zimbabwe | 34.79 | 2023 | up 324.8% | volatile |
| 6 | Australia | 32.96 | 2025 | down 2.2% | volatile |
| 7 | United Kingdom | 30.04 | 2024 | down 9.8% | volatile |
| 8 | Eritrea | 29.63 | 2014 | down 28.0% | volatile |
| 9 | United States | 22.15 | 2025 | down 47.5% | rising |
| 10 | Burundi | 17 | 2023 | up 782.1% | volatile |
| 11 | Somalia | 13.35 | 1989 | up 271.6% | volatile |
| 12 | Palestine | 13.31 | 2024 | up 11.4% | rising |
| 13 | Chad | 12.75 | 2021 | up 726.3% | volatile |
| 14 | China | 12.34 | 2024 | up 140.7% | falling |
| 15 | Ethiopia | 10.56 | 2008 | up 140.8% | volatile |
| 16 | New Zealand | 9.34 | 2025 | down 22.3% | rising |
| 17 | Iran | 9.07 | 1982 | up 74.0% | volatile |
| 18 | Djibouti | 8.46 | 2024 | up 151.8% | flat |
| 19 | Ecuador | 8.26 | 2025 | down 50.0% | volatile |
| 20 | Panama | 8.09 | 2008 | down 2.3% | falling |
| 21 | Japan | 7.98 | 2025 | down 5.1% | volatile |
| 22 | Bangladesh | 7.65 | 2025 | up 67.0% | falling |
| 23 | Bahrain | 7.53 | 2015 | up 65.4% | rising |
| 24 | Sweden | 7.52 | 2024 | up 22.6% | falling |
| 25 | Brazil | 7.52 | 2025 | up 68.9% | volatile |
| 26 | South Korea | 7.3 | 2024 | up 34.2% | rising |
| 27 | Myanmar | 7.13 | 2020 | up 269.0% | volatile |
| 28 | Sri Lanka | 6.92 | 2019 | up 135.7% | volatile |
| 29 | Vietnam | 6.51 | 2022 | up 0.3% | rising |
| 30 | Pakistan | 6.29 | 2025 | down 12.6% | falling |
| 31 | Venezuela | 6.21 | 2013 | up 536.7% | volatile |
| 32 | Congo | 6.08 | 2023 | up 608.1% | volatile |
| 33 | Egypt | 5.78 | 2025 | down 64.3% | volatile |
| 34 | Guyana | 5.74 | 2025 | up 42.5% | volatile |
| 35 | Guinea | 5.59 | 2024 | up 167.9% | volatile |
| 36 | Chile | 5.58 | 2024 | up 5.0% | volatile |
| 37 | Ghana | 5.57 | 2024 | up 139.5% | volatile |
| 39 | El Salvador | 4.89 | 2025 | up 16.1% | rising |
| 40 | Maldives | 4.74 | 2025 | up 34.6% | volatile |
| 41 | Antigua and Barbuda | 4.7 | 2025 | up 32.3% | falling |
| 42 | Belize | 4.61 | 2025 | up 40.1% | falling |
| 43 | Tunisia | 4.58 | 2024 | up 4.6% | falling |
| 44 | Morocco | 4.57 | 2025 | down 11.7% | volatile |
| 45 | Malaysia | 4.53 | 2025 | up 7.9% | rising |
| 46 | Kenya | 4.5 | 2024 | up 22.6% | volatile |
| 47 | Barbados | 4.39 | 2023 | down 39.2% | rising |
| 48 | Argentina | 4.38 | 2025 | down 32.2% | volatile |
| 49 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 4.35 | 2025 | down 9.8% | falling |
| 50 | South Africa | 4.32 | 2025 | down 15.1% | volatile |
| 51 | India | 4.07 | 2021 | down 15.3% | volatile |
| 52 | Hong Kong | 4.04 | 2023 | up 28.9% | falling |
| 53 | Saint Lucia | 3.96 | 2025 | down 5.1% | falling |
| 54 | Indonesia | 3.93 | 2025 | up 22.5% | falling |
| 55 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 3.67 | 2021 | up 78.2% | volatile |
| 56 | Bahamas | 3.66 | 2022 | down 53.5% | rising |
| 57 | Norway | 3.66 | 2024 | down 22.3% | falling |
| 58 | Qatar | 3.66 | 2025 | down 4.9% | rising |
| 59 | Nigeria | 3.65 | 2023 | up 20.6% | volatile |
| 60 | Turkey | 3.65 | 2025 | down 11.0% | volatile |
| 61 | Philippines | 3.61 | 2022 | up 105.4% | volatile |
| 62 | Dominican Republic | 3.56 | 2025 | down 22.6% | volatile |
| 63 | Dominica | 3.55 | 2025 | down 14.3% | volatile |
| 64 | Armenia | 3.52 | 2025 | up 61.1% | volatile |
| 65 | Liberia | 3.51 | 2024 | up 184.8% | volatile |
| 66 | Iceland | 3.49 | 2024 | up 4.4% | falling |
| 67 | Malawi | 3.46 | 2020 | down 26.9% | volatile |
| 68 | Mexico | 3.43 | 2025 | up 43.1% | volatile |
| 69 | Macao | 3.42 | 2025 | up 9.1% | volatile |
| 70 | Georgia | 3.41 | 2025 | up 48.9% | rising |
| 71 | Trinidad and Tobago | 3.32 | 2024 | up 138.8% | volatile |
| 72 | Sierra Leone | 3.27 | 2024 | down 99.8% | volatile |
| 73 | Namibia | 3.26 | 2021 | down 27.6% | volatile |
| 74 | Uganda | 3.22 | 2024 | up 75.3% | volatile |
| 75 | Grenada | 3.2 | 2025 | down 26.7% | falling |
| 76 | Fiji | 3.2 | 2023 | down 3.1% | rising |
| 77 | Mozambique | 3.17 | 2024 | up 21.0% | rising |
| 78 | Thailand | 3.15 | 2024 | down 4.3% | rising |
| 79 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 3.1 | 2025 | down 13.0% | falling |
| 80 | Costa Rica | 3.05 | 2025 | down 16.5% | volatile |
| 81 | Colombia | 2.99 | 2025 | down 3.8% | volatile |
| 82 | Eswatini | 2.98 | 2022 | up 87.5% | rising |
| 83 | Bhutan | 2.96 | 2024 | up 200.5% | volatile |
| 84 | Albania | 2.94 | 2024 | down 30.8% | falling |
| 85 | Honduras | 2.88 | 2025 | down 3.0% | volatile |
| 86 | Hungary | 2.88 | 2024 | up 49.9% | volatile |
| 87 | Papua New Guinea | 2.85 | 2019 | up 74.8% | volatile |
| 88 | Sao Tome and Principe | 2.84 | 2024 | up 35.0% | rising |
| 89 | Nepal | 2.83 | 2025 | up 9.5% | rising |
| 90 | Gabon | 2.82 | 2019 | up 128.2% | volatile |
| 91 | Poland | 2.79 | 2024 | down 16.6% | volatile |
| 92 | Jordan | 2.79 | 2024 | up 11.6% | volatile |
| 93 | Israel | 2.76 | 2025 | down 0.6% | falling |
| 94 | Kuwait | 2.66 | 2025 | down 27.7% | falling |
| 95 | United Arab Emirates | 2.65 | 2024 | down 32.2% | rising |
| 96 | Yemen | 2.63 | 2013 | up 207.7% | volatile |
| 97 | Oman | 2.6 | 2017 | up 55.6% | flat |
| 98 | Belarus | 2.54 | 2021 | down 10.6% | volatile |
| 99 | Lebanon | 2.49 | 2017 | down 14.1% | rising |
| 100 | Cameroon | 2.47 | 2018 | up 69.6% | volatile |
| 101 | Botswana | 2.46 | 2024 | up 229.3% | volatile |
| 102 | Montenegro | 2.46 | 2025 | down 26.9% | falling |
| 103 | Denmark | 2.45 | 2024 | down 17.2% | volatile |
| 104 | Paraguay | 2.44 | 2024 | up 9.2% | volatile |
| 105 | Brunei | 2.44 | 2025 | down 21.3% | volatile |
| 106 | Seychelles | 2.39 | 2024 | up 19.7% | volatile |
| 107 | Algeria | 2.38 | 2024 | up 162.0% | volatile |
| 108 | Jamaica | 2.37 | 2025 | up 3.1% | volatile |
| 109 | Cambodia | 2.32 | 2025 | up 31.2% | volatile |
| 110 | Mongolia | 2.32 | 2024 | down 34.6% | volatile |
| 111 | Uruguay | 2.31 | 2025 | up 26.9% | rising |
| 112 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2.3 | 2024 | down 4.6% | volatile |
| 113 | Cape Verde | 2.29 | 2025 | down 28.4% | volatile |
| 114 | Guatemala | 2.27 | 2025 | down 42.5% | falling |
| 115 | Tanzania | 2.26 | 2018 | up 3.8% | volatile |
| 116 | Mauritius | 2.23 | 2025 | down 23.9% | volatile |
| 117 | Mauritania | 2.18 | 2019 | down 51.1% | volatile |
| 118 | Azerbaijan | 2.16 | 2025 | down 26.5% | volatile |
| 119 | Syria | 2.14 | 2010 | down 93.6% | volatile |
| 120 | Laos | 2.14 | 2010 | up 7.7% | volatile |
| 121 | Bulgaria | 2.13 | 2024 | down 7.1% | volatile |
| 122 | Aruba | 2.13 | 2023 | down 24.5% | falling |
| 123 | Peru | 2.1 | 2022 | up 70.8% | volatile |
| 124 | Central African Republic | 2.09 | 2022 | down 16.6% | volatile |
| 125 | Czechia | 2.06 | 2024 | down 29.9% | falling |
| 126 | Romania | 1.96 | 2025 | up 6.3% | volatile |
| 127 | North Macedonia | 1.95 | 2024 | down 4.8% | volatile |
| 128 | Zambia | 1.92 | 2024 | up 4.0% | volatile |
| 129 | Kyrgyzstan | 1.88 | 2022 | up 85.9% | rising |
| 130 | Switzerland | 1.87 | 2016 | down 79.2% | rising |
| 131 | Suriname | 1.83 | 2025 | down 80.6% | volatile |
| 132 | Moldova | 1.83 | 2025 | down 5.7% | volatile |
| 133 | Gambia | 1.79 | 2024 | down 38.8% | volatile |
| 134 | Vanuatu | 1.75 | 2024 | down 46.4% | volatile |
| 135 | Russia | 1.75 | 2020 | up 6.9% | rising |
| 136 | Haiti | 1.74 | 2023 | up 13.5% | volatile |
| 137 | Madagascar | 1.72 | 2024 | down 50.0% | volatile |
| 138 | East Timor | 1.72 | 2024 | down 10.9% | rising |
| 139 | Ukraine | 1.68 | 2025 | down 50.8% | volatile |
| 140 | Rwanda | 1.64 | 2024 | down 0.8% | volatile |
| 141 | Comoros | 1.6 | 2025 | up 25.2% | falling |
| 142 | Serbia | 1.57 | 2024 | down 9.8% | rising |
| 143 | Kazakhstan | 1.53 | 2025 | down 44.7% | volatile |
| 144 | Singapore | 1.4 | 2020 | up 9.8% | rising |
| 145 | Nicaragua | 1.39 | 2022 | down 25.5% | volatile |
| 146 | Iraq | 1.33 | 2024 | up 10.5% | falling |
| 147 | Angola | 1.24 | 2025 | down 20.1% | volatile |
| 148 | Lesotho | 1.19 | 2020 | up 100.3% | volatile |
| 149 | Equatorial Guinea | 1.11 | 2023 | up 63.1% | volatile |
| 150 | Solomon Islands | 1.1 | 2024 | up 11.2% | volatile |
| 151 | Tajikistan | 1.1 | 2023 | down 59.0% | volatile |
| 152 | Samoa | 1.09 | 2025 | down 65.8% | volatile |
| 153 | Tonga | 0.9825 | 2025 | down 33.8% | falling |
| 154 | Saudi Arabia | 0.9475 | 2017 | up 38.2% | volatile |
| 155 | Afghanistan | 0.7678 | 2020 | down 29.3% | volatile |
| 156 | Micronesia (country) | 0.6682 | 2021 | down 57.6% | falling |
| 157 | Uzbekistan | 0.531 | 2024 | down 12.7% | falling |
| 158 | Libya | 0.2758 | 2021 | down 33.3% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Kosovo 5.1
About this data
Broad money is the sum of all liquid financial instruments held by money-holding sectors that are widely accepted in an economy as a medium of exchange, plus those that can be converted into a medium of exchange at short notice at, or close to, their full nominal value. Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Reserve assets must be denominated and settled in foreign currency. This indicator is expressed as a ratio (a÷b).