Annual freshwater withdrawals, industry (% of total freshwater withdrawal) by country
Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from...
Countries reporting
179
Highest
94.2%
Montenegro
Lowest
0.0%
Monaco
Median
7.1%
Years covered
58
1965–2022
Data points
6,201
What the numbers show
Annual freshwater withdrawals, industry (% of total freshwater withdrawal) is currently reported for 179 countries. The highest value is 94.2% in Montenegro; the lowest is 0.0% in Monaco.
The median across all reporting countries is 7.1%, and the mean is 18.2%.
Over the past decade 37 countries rose and 67 fell. The largest increase was in Egypt (up 319.8%), and the largest decrease in Nicaragua (down 98.5%).
Annual freshwater withdrawals, industry: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Montenegro | 94.2% | 2022 | up 7.2% | rising |
| 2 | Estonia | 94.2% | 2022 | down 1.8% | rising |
| 3 | Austria | 93.3% | 2022 | up 23.9% | flat |
| 4 | Belgium | 84.1% | 2022 | down 0.8% | flat |
| 5 | Slovenia | 78.0% | 2022 | down 5.3% | flat |
| 6 | Serbia | 77.9% | 2022 | down 2.7% | rising |
| 7 | Canada | 75.8% | 2022 | down 0.9% | flat |
| 8 | Hungary | 75.7% | 2022 | down 4.8% | rising |
| 9 | Moldova | 73.1% | 2022 | down 7.8% | rising |
| 10 | Puerto Rico | 72.2% | 2022 | down 3.2% | falling |
| 11 | Bulgaria | 71.3% | 2022 | up 6.7% | rising |
| 12 | Iceland | 71.1% | 2022 | up 4.7% | volatile |
| 13 | Netherlands | 70.2% | 2022 | down 20.3% | falling |
| 14 | France | 68.1% | 2022 | down 3.3% | flat |
| 15 | Poland | 65.5% | 2022 | down 1.7% | falling |
| 16 | Sweden | 61.3% | 2022 | up 6.0% | falling |
| 17 | Germany | 54.3% | 2022 | down 16.8% | falling |
| 18 | Czechia | 53.7% | 2022 | down 6.8% | falling |
| 19 | Lebanon | 48.9% | 2022 | up 21.8% | volatile |
| 20 | Romania | 48.3% | 2022 | down 27.7% | rising |
| 21 | United States | 47.2% | 2022 | down 4.9% | falling |
| 22 | Croatia | 46.8% | 2022 | down 7.2% | rising |
| 23 | Finland | 46.4% | 2022 | down 34.6% | falling |
| 24 | Lesotho | 45.7% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 25 | Singapore | 45.1% | 2022 | down 13.3% | flat |
| 26 | Ukraine | 44.8% | 2022 | down 2.2% | falling |
| 27 | Russia | 44.8% | 2022 | down 25.1% | falling |
| 28 | Papua New Guinea | 42.7% | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 29 | Slovakia | 39.8% | 2022 | down 19.4% | falling |
| 30 | Norway | 39.8% | 2022 | up 1.6% | rising |
| 31 | Switzerland | 37.1% | 2022 | up 15.7% | rising |
| 32 | Liberia | 36.6% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 33 | Mongolia | 35.9% | 2022 | up 7.5% | rising |
| 34 | South Sudan | 34.2% | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 35 | Angola | 33.9% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 36 | Trinidad and Tobago | 33.6% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 37 | Ireland | 31.8% | 2022 | up 17.0% | falling |
| 38 | Belarus | 30.4% | 2022 | down 3.6% | flat |
| 39 | Malaysia | 29.9% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 40 | Portugal | 29.7% | 2022 | up 27.3% | rising |
| 41 | Lithuania | 29.3% | 2022 | down 61.5% | falling |
| 42 | Seychelles | 27.7% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 43 | Georgia | 27.4% | 2022 | up 54.9% | rising |
| 44 | Congo | 26.2% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 45 | Sierra Leone | 26.2% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 46 | New Zealand | 24.0% | 2022 | up 2.9% | rising |
| 47 | Kazakhstan | 23.9% | 2022 | down 20.5% | rising |
| 48 | South Africa | 23.2% | 2022 | up 124.0% | rising |
| 49 | Italy | 22.7% | 2022 | down 7.1% | falling |
| 50 | Suriname | 22.0% | 2022 | unchanged | volatile |
| 51 | Antigua and Barbuda | 21.7% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 52 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 21.5% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 53 | Belize | 21.0% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 54 | Gambia | 20.9% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 55 | Cote d'Ivoire | 20.8% | 2022 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 56 | Spain | 19.0% | 2022 | up 5.7% | falling |
| 57 | Australia | 18.6% | 2022 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 58 | Guatemala | 18.1% | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 59 | China | 17.7% | 2022 | down 24.9% | rising |
| 60 | Latvia | 17.6% | 2022 | down 18.8% | falling |
| 61 | Central African Republic | 16.6% | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 62 | South Korea | 16.4% | 2022 | up 2.0% | rising |
| 63 | Japan | 16.4% | 2022 | up 15.4% | falling |
| 64 | Tajikistan | 16.3% | 2022 | up 310.6% | volatile |
| 65 | Nigeria | 15.8% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 66 | Equatorial Guinea | 15.2% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 67 | Brazil | 15.0% | 2022 | down 19.8% | falling |
| 68 | Philippines | 14.9% | 2022 | up 39.3% | rising |
| 69 | Uruguay | 13.4% | 2022 | up 50.2% | volatile |
| 70 | North Korea | 13.2% | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 71 | Benin | 12.8% | 2022 | down 3.5% | falling |
| 72 | Oman | 12.4% | 2022 | up 83.0% | volatile |
| 73 | United Kingdom | 12.0% | 2022 | down 12.2% | volatile |
| 74 | Chad | 11.8% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 75 | Botswana | 11.4% | 2022 | down 39.0% | falling |
| 76 | Fiji | 11.3% | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 77 | Iraq | 10.7% | 2022 | up 46.2% | volatile |
| 78 | Cuba | 10.6% | 2022 | down 4.9% | falling |
| 79 | Argentina | 10.6% | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 80 | Gabon | 10.1% | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 81 | Cameroon | 9.6% | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 82 | Jamaica | 9.5% | 2022 | down 82.6% | volatile |
| 83 | Palestine | 8.9% | 2021 | up 28.2% | rising |
| 84 | Mexico | 8.9% | 2022 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 85 | Zambia | 8.3% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 86 | Uganda | 7.8% | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 87 | Barbados | 7.7% | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 88 | Kenya | 7.5% | 2022 | up 93.5% | rising |
| 89 | Dominican Republic | 7.3% | 2022 | down 6.4% | rising |
| 90 | Costa Rica | 7.1% | 2022 | up 93.5% | rising |
| 91 | Honduras | 7.1% | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 92 | Egypt | 7.0% | 2022 | up 319.8% | falling |
| 93 | Guinea | 6.7% | 2022 | down 10.0% | rising |
| 94 | Namibia | 6.6% | 2022 | up 15.5% | rising |
| 95 | Ghana | 6.5% | 2022 | down 10.2% | falling |
| 96 | Peru | 6.4% | 2022 | down 3.7% | rising |
| 97 | Sri Lanka | 6.4% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 98 | Paraguay | 6.4% | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 99 | Guinea-Bissau | 6.3% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 100 | Cyprus | 5.9% | 2022 | up 255.7% | volatile |
| 101 | Ecuador | 5.5% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 102 | Saudi Arabia | 5.4% | 2022 | up 33.4% | rising |
| 103 | Burundi | 5.4% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 104 | Chile | 5.1% | 2022 | down 40.5% | falling |
| 105 | Maldives | 5.1% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 106 | Comoros | 5.0% | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 107 | Armenia | 4.9% | 2022 | down 38.2% | rising |
| 108 | El Salvador | 4.9% | 2022 | down 55.9% | falling |
| 109 | Thailand | 4.8% | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 110 | Denmark | 4.8% | 2022 | down 73.0% | volatile |
| 111 | Libya | 4.8% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 112 | Turkmenistan | 4.6% | 2022 | up 54.7% | rising |
| 113 | Azerbaijan | 4.6% | 2022 | down 12.6% | volatile |
| 114 | Kyrgyzstan | 4.4% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 115 | Qatar | 4.3% | 2022 | up 80.6% | volatile |
| 116 | Colombia | 4.1% | 2022 | down 58.9% | falling |
| 117 | Indonesia | 4.1% | 2022 | down 42.7% | volatile |
| 118 | Israel | 4.0% | 2021 | down 38.1% | flat |
| 119 | Luxembourg | 3.8% | 2022 | down 53.9% | volatile |
| 120 | Vietnam | 3.7% | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 121 | Syria | 3.7% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 122 | Haiti | 3.5% | 2022 | unchanged | volatile |
| 123 | Malawi | 3.5% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 124 | Venezuela | 3.5% | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 125 | Jordan | 3.3% | 2022 | down 14.1% | falling |
| 126 | Bahrain | 3.2% | 2022 | down 30.7% | falling |
| 127 | Togo | 2.8% | 2022 | unchanged | volatile |
| 128 | Greece | 2.8% | 2022 | up 119.0% | falling |
| 129 | Uzbekistan | 2.7% | 2022 | down 25.9% | rising |
| 130 | Burkina Faso | 2.7% | 2022 | unchanged | volatile |
| 131 | Mauritania | 2.4% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 132 | Laos | 2.3% | 2022 | down 9.3% | falling |
| 133 | India | 2.2% | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 134 | Bangladesh | 2.1% | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 135 | Cape Verde | 2.1% | 2022 | up 64.4% | rising |
| 136 | Morocco | 2.0% | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 137 | Turkey | 2.0% | 2022 | down 45.9% | volatile |
| 138 | Eswatini | 1.9% | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 139 | Kuwait | 1.9% | 2022 | down 10.9% | falling |
| 140 | Yemen | 1.8% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 141 | Tunisia | 1.7% | 2022 | down 60.0% | falling |
| 142 | Mozambique | 1.7% | 2022 | down 18.7% | falling |
| 143 | Rwanda | 1.7% | 2022 | down 53.5% | volatile |
| 144 | Zimbabwe | 1.7% | 2022 | down 56.4% | falling |
| 145 | Algeria | 1.7% | 2022 | down 66.5% | volatile |
| 146 | Malta | 1.6% | 2022 | down 35.5% | volatile |
| 147 | Mauritius | 1.6% | 2022 | down 16.4% | volatile |
| 148 | Cambodia | 1.5% | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 149 | Niger | 1.5% | 2022 | up 36.6% | falling |
| 150 | Myanmar | 1.5% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 151 | Sao Tome and Principe | 1.5% | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 152 | North Macedonia | 1.5% | 2022 | down 79.8% | volatile |
| 153 | Bolivia | 1.5% | 2022 | down 3.7% | volatile |
| 154 | Guyana | 1.4% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 155 | Albania | 1.4% | 2022 | down 90.3% | falling |
| 156 | Madagascar | 1.2% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 157 | Iran | 1.2% | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 158 | United Arab Emirates | 1.1% | 2022 | up 9.2% | volatile |
| 159 | Bhutan | 0.9% | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 160 | Afghanistan | 0.8% | 2022 | unchanged | rising |
| 161 | Pakistan | 0.8% | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 162 | Panama | 0.5% | 2022 | down 35.7% | falling |
| 163 | Ethiopia | 0.5% | 2022 | down 9.3% | falling |
| 164 | Tanzania | 0.5% | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 165 | Nepal | 0.3% | 2022 | unchanged | falling |
| 166 | Sudan | 0.3% | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 167 | Eritrea | 0.2% | 2022 | unchanged | volatile |
| 168 | East Timor | 0.2% | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 169 | Mali | 0.1% | 2022 | unchanged | volatile |
| 170 | Somalia | 0.1% | 2022 | unchanged | volatile |
| 171 | Nicaragua | 0.0% | 2022 | down 98.5% | volatile |
| 172 | Senegal | 0.0% | 2022 | down 94.5% | volatile |
| 173 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.0% | 2022 | unchanged | flat |
| 174 | Djibouti | 0.0% | 2022 | — | flat |
| 174 | Dominica | 0.0% | 2022 | — | flat |
| 174 | Grenada | 0.0% | 2022 | — | flat |
| 174 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.0% | 2022 | — | flat |
| 174 | Saint Lucia | 0.0% | 2022 | — | flat |
| 174 | Monaco | 0.0% | 2022 | — | flat |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Central Europe and the Baltics 63.1%
- North America 49.4%
- Other small states 46.8%
- European Union 44.3%
- Post-demographic dividend 41.9%
- Euro area 41.8%
- High income 39.9%
- Small states 37.1%
- OECD members 34.5%
- Europe & Central Asia 28.7%
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 21.8%
- Late-demographic dividend 17.4%
About this data
Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for industry are total withdrawals for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002.