Environment in Istanbul 21 indicators covering environment for Istanbul. IndicatorLatest Year10-yr change Rank Historical exposure to drought — Land soil moisture anomaly -5.73 Percentage change 2025 down 172.0% 2367th Drought - Cities and FUAs — Land soil moisture anomaly -5.6 Percentage change 2025 down 168.3% 902nd Historical exposure to drought — Cropland soil moisture anomaly -5.84 Percentage change 2025 down 169.4% 2270th Exposure to drought — Cropland soil moisture anomaly -6.16 Percentage change 2024 down 250.5% 322nd Exposure to drought — Land soil moisture anomaly -3.49 Percentage change 2024 down 254.2% 431st Greenhouse gas emissions - Cities and FUAs — GHG emissions from waste 1.09 Tonnes of CO2-equivalent 2024 up 16.0% 31st River flooding exposure — Cropland share exposed to river flooding 0.5461 Percentage of agricultural land area 2022 up 10.2% 2218th Total and environment-related patents - FUAs — Patent applications 180.1 Patents 2022 up 66.5% 88th Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Daytime summer land 33.78 Degrees celsius 2024 up 3.8% 367th Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Daytime winter land 12.78 Degrees celsius 2024 up 5.0% 414th Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Daytime yearly land 25.55 Degrees celsius 2024 down 0.3% 380th Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Nighttime summer land 20.37 Degrees celsius 2024 up 3.5% 299th Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Nighttime winter land 4.31 Degrees celsius 2024 up 20.7% 360th Land surface temperature - Cities and FUAs — Nighttime yearly land 12.99 Degrees celsius 2024 up 1.3% 249th Air pollution - Cities and FUAs — Population exposure to PM10 81.14 Microgrammes per cubic metre 2025 — 83rd Air pollution - Cities and FUAs — Population exposure to PM2.5 72.7 Microgrammes per cubic metre 2025 — 65th Air pollution - Cities and FUAs — Population exposure to ozone 88.12 Microgrammes per cubic metre 2025 — 543rd Air pollution - Cities and FUAs — Population exposure to nitrogen 81.22 Microgrammes per cubic metre 2025 — 2nd Land cover and land cover change — Grassland 32.2 Square kilometres 2022 down 9.9% 663rd Land cover and land cover change — Loss of cropland 211.1 Square kilometres 2022 up 88.6% 518th Land cover and land cover change — Gain of artificial surfaces 290.81 Square kilometres 2022 up 65.5% 278th