Work & Labour in Europe and Central Asia: Upper-middle income 59 indicators covering work & labour for Europe and Central Asia: Upper-middle income. IndicatorLatest Year10-yr change Rank Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 91,728 2027 up 3.0% 53rd Labour force participation rate (ILO modelled estimates) 56.7 2027 down 0.1% 63rd Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 70,047 2027 up 3.2% 56th Unemployment rate (ILO modelled estimates) 7.97 2027 down 16.8% 16th Labour dependency ratio 1.38 2027 down 6.6% 34th Output per worker, GDP constant 2021 international $ at PPP 72,671 2027 up 30.7% 29th Output per worker, GDP constant 2015 US $ 25,874 2027 up 36.8% 35th Employment-to-population ratio (ILO modelled estimates) 52.18 2027 up 1.7% 68th Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) 0.5908 % change on previous year 2027 up 1,379.6% 83rd Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual growth rate 0.5777 % change on previous year 2027 down 56.0% 61st Employment 83,281 2025 up 6.6% 55th Employment (ILO modelled estimates) 83,281 2025 up 6.6% 55th Employment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual growth rate 0.7501 % change on previous year 2025 down 53.8% 59th Employment (ILO modelled estimates), annual growth rate 0.7501 % change on previous year 2025 down 53.8% 59th SDG indicator 8.2.1: Annual growth rate of output per worker, GDP 3.26 2027 down 9.7% 20th SDG indicator 8.2.1: Annual growth rate of output per worker, GDP 3.21 2027 down 25.1% 19th Labour force participation rate (previous ILO definition - ICLS13) 56.7 2027 down 0.1% 63rd SDG indicator 10.4.1: Labour income share as a percent of GDP 45.2 2026 up 5.6% 62nd Labour income share as a percent of GDP 45.2 2026 up 5.6% 62nd LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment 12.46 2027 down 8.3% 29th Total weekly hours worked of employed persons 3.35 million 2027 up 3.5% 56th Ratio of total weekly hours worked to population aged 15-64 25.03 2027 up 4.6% 54th Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person 39.71 2027 down 1.3% 45th NEET: Youth not in employment, education or training 4,741 2027 down 11.4% 59th NEET rate: Share of youth not in employment, education or training 17.89 2027 down 8.2% 51st Time-related underemployment rate (ILO modelled estimates) 4.88 2027 up 9.8% 41st Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) 4,124 2027 up 15.2% 53rd Full-time equivalent employment (ILO modelled estimates) 83,798 2027 up 3.5% 56th LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment 12.46 2027 down 8.3% 29th NEET: Youth not in employment, education or training (ILO modelled) 0.7559 % change on previous year 2027 up 123.4% 68th Total weekly hours worked of employed persons (ILO modelled) 1.05 % change on previous year 2027 down 28.0% 51st Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual 1.06 % change on previous year 2027 down 66.7% 47th SDG indicator 8.5.2: Unemployment rate (previous ILO definition) 7.97 2027 down 16.8% 16th Labour income distribution (ILO modelled estimates) 1.41 2025 up 8.8% 16th SDG indicator 8.6.1: Proportion of youth aged 15 to 24 years not in 17.89 2027 down 8.2% 51st Labour income distribution (ILO modelled estimates) (Decile 1) 0.0712 % change on previous year 2025 up 110.3% 48th SDG indicator 9.2.2: Manufacturing employment as a proportion of 14.6 2025 up 2.0% 22nd SDG indicator 8.3.1: Proportion of informal employment in total 26.1 2027 down 15.8% 63rd LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization 15,974 2027 down 9.1% 52nd Jobs gap rate 14 2027 down 18.1% 24th Jobs gap 13,721 2027 down 17.4% 53rd Potential labour force and willing non-jobseekers rate 6.5 2027 down 21.7% 39th Potential labour force and willing non-jobseekers 6,413 2027 down 20.8% 53rd Employment 83,281 2025 up 6.6% 53rd SDG indicator 8.8.2: Level of national compliance with labour rights 3.36 2024 up 41.8% 46th Jobs gap rate 13.98 2027 down 18.3% 26th Jobs gap 13,721 2027 down 17.4% 53rd LU3: Combined rate of unemployment and potential labour force 12.31 2027 down 16.9% 24th Informal employment rate 26.1 2027 down 15.8% 63rd Informal employment 22,034 2027 down 11.7% 47th Potential labour force rate 4.72 2027 down 18.5% 36th Potential labour force and willing non-jobseekers 6,413 2027 down 20.8% 53rd Potential labour force and willing non-jobseekers rate 6.53 2027 down 21.6% 39th Potential labour force rate 4.72 2027 down 18.5% 36th Potential labour force 4,541 2027 down 16.9% 53rd LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization 16.59 2027 down 10.8% 30th LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization 15,974 2027 down 9.1% 52nd Labour force participation rate for persons ages 25 to 54 84.04 2023 up 3.4% 26th Labour force ages 25 to 54 110,932 2023 up 4.5% 48th