Work & Labour in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)

73 indicators covering work & labour for Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income).

IndicatorLatest Year10-yr change Rank
Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) 64.1% 2025 down 2.2% 37th
Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) 69.9% 2025 up 2.0% 35th
Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) 56.6% 2025 up 1.7% 39th
Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) 31.6% 2025 up 3.8% 34th
Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) 49.2% 2025 up 5.2% 30th
Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) 40.6% 2025 up 4.8% 31st
Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 50.6% 2025 up 0.9% 37th
Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) 76.7% 2025 up 3.4% 31st
Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages) 63.6% 2025 up 2.6% 36th
Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 44.0% 2025 up 0.2% 37th
Employment in industry (% of total employment) 24.7% 2025 up 1.7% 16th
Employment in industry, male (% of male employment) 31.1% 2025 down 0.5% 12th
Employment in industry, female (% of female employment) 14.9% 2025 up 3.9% 15th
Contributing family workers, total (% of total employment) 7.0% 2025 down 20.3% 32nd
Contributing family workers, male (% of male employment) 4.4% 2025 down 13.0% 31st
Contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) 11.0% 2025 down 22.1% 31st
Wage and salaried workers, total (% of total employment) 66.8% 2025 up 0.2% 12th
Wage and salaried workers, male (% of male employment) 65.1% 2025 down 0.6% 12th
Wage and salaried workers, female (% of female employment) 69.3% 2025 up 1.5% 10th
Employment in services, female (% of female employment) 63.6% 2025 up 2.5% 15th
Employment in services, male (% of male employment) 51.3% 2025 up 9.3% 16th
Employment in services (% of total employment) 56.1% 2025 up 5.7% 15th
Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15-24) 16.8% 2025 down 9.0% 11th
Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15-24) 11.9% 2025 down 28.8% 26th
Self-employed, total (% of total employment) 33.2% 2025 down 0.3% 34th
Self-employed, male (% of male employment) 34.9% 2025 up 1.1% 34th
Self-employed, female (% of female employment) 30.7% 2025 down 3.1% 36th
Employers, total (% of total employment) 5.4% 2025 up 18.7% 8th
Employers, male (% of male employment) 6.7% 2025 up 10.3% 8th
Employers, female (% of female employment) 3.3% 2025 up 44.9% 9th
GDP per person employed 67,801 constant 2021 PPP $ 2025 up 41.3% 10th
Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) 10.0% 2021 up 13.4% 1st
Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) 9.5% 2021 up 8.0% 1st
Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) 10.8% 2021 up 21.5% 5th
Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages) 43.4% 2021 down 7.3% 13th
Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) 68.3% 2021 down 3.3% 17th
Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) 55.3% 2021 down 5.0% 25th
Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) 29.2% 2021 up 0.9% 10th
Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) 47.0% 2021 down 0.8% 14th
Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) 64.8% 2021 down 3.9% 13th
Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) 38.3% 2021 down 0.0% 11th
Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15-24) 25.5% 2021 up 21.3% 4th
Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15-24) 18.8% 2021 up 1.9% 1st
Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24) 21.2% 2021 up 9.4% 1st
Share of youth not in education, employment or training, female (% of) 24.2% 2025 down 12.3% 32nd
Share of youth not in education, employment or training, male (% of) 13.2% 2025 down 12.4% 24th
Share of youth not in education, employment or training, total (% of) 18.6% 2025 down 12.4% 33rd
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, female (%) 26.2% 2025 up 5.0% 33rd
Vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) 28.2% 2025 down 0.9% 34th
Vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) 27.4% 2025 down 6.8% 36th
Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) 52.7% 2025 up 4.0% 41st
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%) 43.5% 2025 up 10.8% 20th
Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%) 65.7% 2025 up 5.3% 34th
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) 35.0% 2025 up 8.8% 31st
Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%) 40.4% 2025 up 1.2% 37th
Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) 27.9% 2025 down 3.3% 35th
Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24) 13.7% 2025 down 21.3% 17th
Unemployment with basic education 11.6% 2021 down 11.2% 2nd
Unemployment with basic education, male 11.6% 2021 down 13.1% 2nd
Unemployment with intermediate education 11.9% 2021 down 14.5% 1st