Work & Labour in Africa: Upper-middle income 59 indicators covering work & labour for Africa: Upper-middle income. IndicatorLatest Year10-yr change Rank Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 47,689 2027 up 17.4% 64th Labour force participation rate (ILO modelled estimates) 49.74 2027 down 1.5% 76th Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) 48,189 2027 up 20.9% 62nd Unemployment rate (ILO modelled estimates) 24.52 2027 up 16.5% 3rd Labour dependency ratio 2.65 2027 up 4.1% 5th Output per worker, GDP constant 2021 international $ at PPP 55,155 2027 up 1.8% 40th Output per worker, GDP constant 2015 US $ 21,077 2027 up 0.9% 42nd Employment-to-population ratio (ILO modelled estimates) 37.54 2027 down 5.8% 83rd Persons outside the labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+) 1.99 % change on previous year 2027 up 321.2% 25th Labour force (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual growth rate 1.2 % change on previous year 2027 down 33.1% 37th Employment 35,233 2025 up 11.3% 66th Employment (ILO modelled estimates) 35,233 2025 up 11.3% 66th Employment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual growth rate 1.19 % change on previous year 2025 down 52.6% 43rd Employment (ILO modelled estimates), annual growth rate 1.19 % change on previous year 2025 down 52.6% 43rd SDG indicator 8.2.1: Annual growth rate of output per worker, GDP 1.12 2027 down 42.3% 78th SDG indicator 8.2.1: Annual growth rate of output per worker, GDP 1.05 2027 down 62.5% 77th Labour force participation rate (previous ILO definition - ICLS13) 49.74 2027 down 1.5% 76th SDG indicator 10.4.1: Labour income share as a percent of GDP 42.1 2026 down 11.4% 67th Labour income share as a percent of GDP 42.1 2026 down 11.4% 67th LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment 31.96 2027 up 10.1% 3rd Total weekly hours worked of employed persons 1.51 million 2027 up 9.8% 66th Ratio of total weekly hours worked to population aged 15-64 17.48 2027 down 5.8% 84th Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person 42.04 2027 down 2.1% 19th NEET: Youth not in employment, education or training 6,152 2027 up 18.1% 48th NEET rate: Share of youth not in employment, education or training 28.99 2027 up 5.5% 9th Time-related underemployment rate (ILO modelled estimates) 9.87 2027 down 2.6% 8th Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) 3,551 2027 up 9.3% 56th Full-time equivalent employment (ILO modelled estimates) 37,828 2027 up 9.8% 66th LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment 31.96 2027 up 10.1% 3rd NEET: Youth not in employment, education or training (ILO modelled) 2.41 % change on previous year 2027 up 228.1% 23rd Total weekly hours worked of employed persons (ILO modelled) 1.09 % change on previous year 2027 up 40.3% 44th Time-related underemployment (ILO modelled estimates) (15+), annual 1.12 % change on previous year 2027 down 63.4% 46th SDG indicator 8.5.2: Unemployment rate (previous ILO definition) 24.52 2027 up 16.5% 3rd Labour income distribution (ILO modelled estimates) 0.693 2025 down 2.5% 46th SDG indicator 8.6.1: Proportion of youth aged 15 to 24 years not in 28.99 2027 up 5.5% 9th Labour income distribution (ILO modelled estimates) (Decile 1) -0.1441 % change on previous year 2025 down 104.0% 59th SDG indicator 9.2.2: Manufacturing employment as a proportion of 9.5 2025 down 12.3% 66th SDG indicator 8.3.1: Proportion of informal employment in total 36.47 2027 up 0.7% 56th LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization 22,646 2027 up 31.3% 45th Jobs gap rate 34.9 2027 up 13.7% 3rd Jobs gap 19,312 2027 up 36.1% 45th Potential labour force and willing non-jobseekers rate 13.8 2027 up 13.1% 7th Potential labour force and willing non-jobseekers 7,619 2027 up 35.2% 49th Employment 35,233 2025 up 11.3% 64th SDG indicator 8.8.2: Level of national compliance with labour rights 2.41 2024 up 65.1% 57th Jobs gap rate 34.92 2027 up 13.9% 3rd Jobs gap 19,312 2027 up 36.1% 45th LU3: Combined rate of unemployment and potential labour force 34.66 2027 up 14.1% 3rd Informal employment rate 36.47 2027 up 0.7% 56th Informal employment 13,128 2027 up 12.9% 60th Potential labour force rate 13.44 2027 up 13.6% 4th Potential labour force and willing non-jobseekers 7,619 2027 up 35.2% 49th Potential labour force and willing non-jobseekers rate 13.78 2027 up 13.1% 7th Potential labour force rate 13.44 2027 up 13.6% 4th Potential labour force 7,402 2027 up 35.8% 46th LU4: Composite rate of labour underutilization 41.11 2027 up 9.8% 3rd LU4: Composite measure of labour underutilization 22,646 2027 up 31.3% 45th Labour force participation rate for persons ages 25 to 54 75.17 2023 down 0.3% 66th Labour force ages 25 to 54 24,654 2023 up 19.3% 69th