Women's rights linked to male primary education enrolment relative to GDP
Comparing Women's Civil Liberties Index with Enrolment in primary education, male (number), per unit of GDP across 160 countries, 2025–2025.
- Rank correlation
- -0.59
- Holding size constant
- -0.43
- Countries compared
- 160
- Period
- 2025–2025
What might link these
Higher women's civil liberties appear to be associated with lower male primary school enrolment per unit of GDP. This might suggest that in countries with greater gender equality, resources are allocated differently, or that broader societal development impacts both areas. However, this does not imply causation and a sophisticated understanding is needed.
Why this is not proof of anything
This is a correlation across countries, not an experiment. It cannot show that either indicator causes the other, and both may simply follow a third thing. The relationship could be driven by underlying development factors not fully captured by GDP, such as institutional quality or cultural norms.
The second figure above repeats the measurement with national population and income held constant. It is the more conservative number: a relationship that largely disappears there was mostly telling you that larger, richer countries have more of most things.
How this was measured
Both indicators were ranked across every country reporting each, and the two rankings compared — ranks rather than raw values, because a handful of very large countries can otherwise manufacture a relationship on their own. The calculation is arithmetic over figures already published on this site; the commentary above is drafted from the two indicator names and the resulting coefficients.